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Kienböck disease, also known as lunatomalacia, is a rare condition which can lead to progressive wrist pain and abnormal carpal motion. We present the case of a 30‐year‐old patient with Down syndrome who came to our observation for treatment of stage III C Kienböck disease. In September 2019, the patient reported wrist pain with limitation in movements and initially underwent conservative treatment without benefit. In October 2020, pain symptoms and difficult movements with reduced strength worsened and surgical treatment was proposed, but the patient and his family declined. Thereby the patient underwent conservative treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) 60 sessions, 100% oxygen at 2.5 absolute atmospheres (ATA), oxygen total time 60 min, once daily, five times per week. After 6 months, a positive clinical and radiological evolution were observed, with an improvement in the patterns of pain, motion, and strength and an almost complete involution of the process of aseptic necrosis of the semilunar. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of stage III C Kienböck's disease in Down's syndrome patient treated with HBOT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Kienböck disease, also known as lunatomalacia, is a rare condition which can lead to progressive wrist pain and abnormal carpal motion. We present the case of a 30‐year‐old patient with Down syndrome who came to our observation for treatment of stage III C Kienböck disease. In September 2019, the patient reported wrist pain with limitation in movements and initially underwent conservative treatment without benefit. In October 2020, pain symptoms and difficult movements with reduced strength worsened and surgical treatment was proposed, but the patient and his family declined. Thereby the patient underwent conservative treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) 60 sessions, 100% oxygen at 2.5 absolute atmospheres (ATA), oxygen total time 60 min, once daily, five times per week. After 6 months, a positive clinical and radiological evolution were observed, with an improvement in the patterns of pain, motion, and strength and an almost complete involution of the process of aseptic necrosis of the semilunar. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of stage III C Kienböck's disease in Down's syndrome patient treated with HBOT.

Abstract The hyperbaric therapy resulted in the patient's quick recovery and significantly accelerated the recovery after the brain injury.

The diagnosis of decompression sickness (DCS) is mostly based on clinical suspicion, and there is currently no available modality to fully confirm the diagnosis. However, the use of echocardiography in suspected DCS cases has become more common. In this case, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was used to detect microbubbles in the right cardiac chambers and monitor the patient after hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), suggesting the possible applicability of TTE in diagnosing and monitoring DCS patients. This report describes a 54‐year‐old Fisherman who was referred to the emergency department with dyspnea and mild confusion after a rapid ascent of a saturation dive at 50 m sea depth. After the initial evaluation, he was assessed using TTE to exclude the presence of structural heart disease, where it surprisingly showed spontaneous echo contrast inside the right cardiac chambers similar to agitated saline echo testing. The patient was then admitted for HBOT and follow‐up; rapid improvement was noticed after the first HBOT session and the TTE findings were fully resolved. TTE could be considered in the initial workup when DCS is suspected, and it might have a role in monitoring DCS patients if echocardiographic findings of bubble formation were documented in the pre‐hyperbaric therapy settings. According to this case and based on our literature review, it seems that transthoracic echo can be considered as one of the initial investigations for stable patients who are suspected of having decompression sickness. Furthermore, it could be used to evaluate post‐treatment improvement compared with the patient's admission echo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The diagnosis of decompression sickness (DCS) is mostly based on clinical suspicion, and there is currently no available modality to fully confirm the diagnosis. However, the use of echocardiography in suspected DCS cases has become more common. In this case, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was used to detect microbubbles in the right cardiac chambers and monitor the patient after hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), suggesting the possible applicability of TTE in diagnosing and monitoring DCS patients. This report describes a 54‐year‐old Fisherman who was referred to the emergency department with dyspnea and mild confusion after a rapid ascent of a saturation dive at 50 m sea depth. After the initial evaluation, he was assessed using TTE to exclude the presence of structural heart disease, where it surprisingly showed spontaneous echo contrast inside the right cardiac chambers similar to agitated saline echo testing. The patient was then admitted for HBOT and follow‐up; rapid improvement was noticed after the first HBOT session and the TTE findings were fully resolved. TTE could be considered in the initial workup when DCS is suspected, and it might have a role in monitoring DCS patients if echocardiographic findings of bubble formation were documented in the pre‐hyperbaric therapy settings.

Flexible fiber‐optic bronchoscopy is used to determine diagnoses in pulmonary diseases. It is considered as a safe procedure, although some complications might occur, one of which is cerebral air embolism. In this case, we present the air embolism after the bronchoscopy procedure, ending in fatality. We strongly recommend that bronchoscopists should keep this complication in mind and be aware of early symptoms pertaining to the patient's state of consciousness during bronchoscopy examination. Early treatment is essential in this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an unusual case of Lemierre´s syndrome complicated by multiple brain abscesses, a literature review and suggested management. A young man with multiple brain abscesses deteriorated despite two weeks of directed antibiotics. A multidisciplinary approach was successful. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) should be considered in refractory or severe cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Flexible fiber‐optic bronchoscopy is used to determine diagnoses in pulmonary diseases. It is considered as a safe procedure, although some complications might occur, one of which is cerebral air embolism. In this case, we present the air embolism after the bronchoscopy procedure, ending in fatality. We strongly recommend that bronchoscopists should keep this complication in mind and be aware of early symptoms pertaining to the patient's state of consciousness during bronchoscopy examination. Early treatment is essential in this situation.

Abstract We present an unusual case of Lemierre´s syndrome complicated by multiple brain abscesses, a literature review and suggested management. A young man with multiple brain abscesses deteriorated despite two weeks of directed antibiotics. A multidisciplinary approach was successful. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) should be considered in refractory or severe cases.

In a young man affected by skin soft tissue infections complicated with myositis, the use of hyperbaric oxygen treatment as an adjuvant therapy to surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy could improve management and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In a young man affected by skin soft tissue infections complicated with myositis, the use of hyperbaric oxygen treatment as an adjuvant therapy to surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy could improve management and prognosis.

Abstract Acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication during pregnancy causes fetal death and teratogenic effects. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy has the potential to improve them. HBO2 therapy should be considered to treat CO intoxication during pregnancy.

The hyperbaric therapy resulted in the patient's quick recovery and significantly accelerated the recovery after the brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication during pregnancy causes fetal death and teratogenic effects. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy has the potential to improve them. HBO2 therapy should be considered to treat CO intoxication during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]