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Summary: Recent studies have shown that circulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 and vitamin D levels are closely correlated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among serum FGF 23 levels, serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study enrolled 331 hospitalized T2DM patients (209 patients with NAFLD and 122 patients without NAFLD). Serum FGF23 levels were measured using a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. NAFLD was diagnosed by hepatic ultrasound, and the fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated to quantify hepatic steatosis. Results showed that T2DM patients with NAFLD had significantly higher serum FGF23 levels (44.17 [37.92‐51.30] pg/mL vs 40.21 [34.07‐48.33] pg/mL, P = .002), but lower serum 25(OH)D levels (16.43 [12.70‐21.37] ng/mL vs 19.59 [13.78‐26.26] ng/mL, P = .002) than those without NAFLD. Moreover, the incidence rate of NAFLD increased with increasing serum FGF23 levels and decreased with increasing 25(OH)D levels (both P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that both serum FGF23 and 25(OH)D levels were independent factors for NAFLD (both P < .05). Furthermore, a multiple stepwise regression analysis also revealed that both serum FGF23 and 25(OH)D levels were independently correlated with FLI (both P < .01). In conclusion, both high FGF23 and low vitamin D levels showed an independent relationship with NAFLD in Chinese T2DM patients, indicating that FGF23 and vitamin D function via different regulatory pathways in the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and both visceral adipose and with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD) in Chinese postmenopausal women. Four hundred and fifty-one postmenopausal women between 45 and 74 years of age (mean (± SD) age 57.3 ± 4.6 years) were enrolled in the study. All subjects participated in the Shanghai Obesity Study between June and August 2011 and underwent abdominal magnetic resonance imaging and an abdominal ultrasonography. Patients with a visceral fat area ( VFA) ≥ 80 cm2 were classified as abdominally obese. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25( OH)D3) levels were measured with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The prevalence of NAFLD in the study population was 34.8% ( n = 157). Women with abdominal obesity had significantly lower serum 25( OH)D3 levels than those without abdominal obesity (median (interquartile range) 11.23 (8.64-14.12) vs 12.56 (9.41-15.98) ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.01). Regardless of abdominal obesity status, serum 25( OH)D3 levels in patients with NAFLD were lower than those without non- NAFLD (11.14 (8.63-13.81) vs 12.92 (9.48-16.37) ng/mL ( P < 0.05) for those without abdominal obesity; 10.86 (8.61-13.56) vs 11.55 (8.82-16.38) ng/mL ( P < 0.05) for those with abdominal obesity). Partial correlation analyses demonstrated a negative correlation between serum 25( OH)D3 levels and VFA ( P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that high serum 25( OH)D3 levels were a protective factor against NAFLD after adjusting for risk factors such as VFA. In conclusion, independent of visceral obesity, vitamin D is inversely correlated with NAFLD in Chinese postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perturbed serum vitamin D levels have been shown to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels and B ultrasonography-detected carotid plaque and carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men., In all, 1001 men, aged 45-78 years, were enrolled in the study. Increased C-IMT was defined as any C-IMT value in the highest quartile of the study subjects (≥ 0.75 mm)., The study population had a median serum 25(OH)D3 level of 14.51 ng/mL (interquartile range (IQR) 10.84-18.67 ng/mL). Subjects with carotid plaques had lower serum 25(OH)D3 levels than those without (13.80 (IQR 10.82-17.68) vs 14.74 (IQR 10.87-19.08) ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.029), and decreasing serum 25(OH)D3 levels were accompanied by increased C-IMT in both groups (13.24 (IQR 9.91-16.81) vs 14.45 (IQR 11.40-18.51) ng/mL, respectively ( P < 0.05) in those with plaque; 13.80 (IQR 9.99-17.09) vs 14.99 (IQR 11.17-19.43) ng/mL, respectively ( P < 0.01) in those without plaque). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D3 levels were independently associated with carotid plaque (odds ratio (OR) 0.972; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.946-0.998; P = 0.032). In addition, serum 25(OH)D3 levels were identified as an independent protective factor for increased C-IMT among subjects with plaque (OR 0.900; 95% CI 0.849-0.955; P = 0.001) and those without plaque (OR 0.944; 95% CI 0.908-0.981; P = 0.004)., Collectively, these findings suggest that serum 25(OH)D3 levels are inversely associated with atherosclerosis in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]