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Summary: Recent studies have shown that circulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 and vitamin D levels are closely correlated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among serum FGF 23 levels, serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study enrolled 331 hospitalized T2DM patients (209 patients with NAFLD and 122 patients without NAFLD). Serum FGF23 levels were measured using a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. NAFLD was diagnosed by hepatic ultrasound, and the fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated to quantify hepatic steatosis. Results showed that T2DM patients with NAFLD had significantly higher serum FGF23 levels (44.17 [37.92‐51.30] pg/mL vs 40.21 [34.07‐48.33] pg/mL, P = .002), but lower serum 25(OH)D levels (16.43 [12.70‐21.37] ng/mL vs 19.59 [13.78‐26.26] ng/mL, P = .002) than those without NAFLD. Moreover, the incidence rate of NAFLD increased with increasing serum FGF23 levels and decreased with increasing 25(OH)D levels (both P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that both serum FGF23 and 25(OH)D levels were independent factors for NAFLD (both P < .05). Furthermore, a multiple stepwise regression analysis also revealed that both serum FGF23 and 25(OH)D levels were independently correlated with FLI (both P < .01). In conclusion, both high FGF23 and low vitamin D levels showed an independent relationship with NAFLD in Chinese T2DM patients, indicating that FGF23 and vitamin D function via different regulatory pathways in the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irisin is a novel hormone secreted by skeletal muscle after exercise, which may ameliorate insulin resistance. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between circulating irisin levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as related metabolic traits in a Chinese population. A total of 203 subjects were recruited. Of these, 68 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 63 subjects with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and 72 subjects with new-onset T2DM. Circulating irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Detailed clinical investigations and biochemistry measurements were carried out in all of the subjects. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between irisin levels and related metabolic characteristics. All subjects were classified into normal weight and overweight/obese subgroups according to body mass index (BMI). No significant differences in circulating irisin levels were identified among the three groups ( P = 0.9741). After adjusting for covariates, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that serum irisin level was independently and significantly associated with total cholesterol ( P = 0.0005), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = 0.0014), fasting fatty acids ( P = 0.0402) and uric acid ( P = 0.0062). By dividing the serum irisin levels into three tertile groups, the values of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting fatty acids and uric acid were all increased significantly with the increase of irisin ( P < 0.05). Moreover, serum irisin levels remain closely related to total cholesterol in both normal weight and overweight/obese subgroups. Our study suggests that circulating irisin concentrations are significantly associated with lipid and uric acid metabolism in a Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD) in Chinese men., In all, 1558 men (21-78 years old) were recruited to the study. Serum osteocalcin, glucose and lipid profiles were determined. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. All participants underwent hepatic ultrasonographic examination., Serum osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in subjects with NAFLD than those without ( P < 0.01). All study subjects were divided into four subgroups according to quartiles of serum osteocalcin levels. The frequency of NAFLD increased progressively with declining serum osteocalcin levels ( Ptrend < 0.01). Serum osteocalcin levels were inversely correlated with NAFLD ( P < 0.01). However, the significant association between serum osteocalcin levels and NAFLD disappeared in logistic regression analyses. Furthermore, multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that serum osteocalcin levels were independently associated with serum alanine aminotransferase levels in Chinese men ( P < 0.01)., The findings of the present study suggest that serum osteocalcin levels are not directly correlated with NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]