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There is a strong correlation between urbanization and economic development, where cities presently contribute approximately 60% to the GDP and which is expected to increase to 75% by 2030, also affect on the development of Real Estate market. The Guwahati city is rightly termed as the engines of economic growth and innovation. This pace and scale of urbanization is unprecedented for India. Consequently, a number of key policy and governance challenges have emerged in recent years as uncontrolled and unplanned urbanization have continued to add pressure on civic infrastructure systems, where urban India remains underserved by utilities and suffers from inadequate housing stock. A recent study by a technical group constituted by MoHUPA has revealed that with population crossing 1.20 billion in 2011, the magnitude of housing shortage stood at 18.7 million units in 2012. Therefore, creating urban housing stock as a preventive strategy to contain ever-increasing slum population has become a top priority for sustainable urban planning and development. This paper tries to examine the valuation procedure followed in the valuation of real estate. The paper also highlights the various method of valuation method in vogue in the real estate. This paper also tries to analyse the determinants influencing the valuation of property. The paper also tries to bring out the challenges faced during the valuation of real estate in the Guwahati city of Assam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a strong correlation between urbanization and economic development, where cities presently contribute approximately 60% to the GDP and which is expected to increase to 75% by 2030, also affect on the development of Real Estate market. The Guwahati city is rightly termed as the engines of economic growth and innovation. This pace and scale of urbanization is unprecedented for India. Consequently, a number of key policy and governance challenges have emerged in recent years as uncontrolled and unplanned urbanization have continued to add pressure on civic infrastructure systems, where urban India remains underserved by utilities and suffers from inadequate housing stock. A recent study by a technical group constituted by MoHUPA has revealed that with population crossing 1.20 billion in 2011, the magnitude of housing shortage stood at 18.7 million units in 2012. Therefore, creating urban housing stock as a preventive strategy to contain ever-increasing slum population has become a top priority for sustainable urban planning and development. This paper tries to examine the valuation procedure followed in the valuation of real estate. The paper also highlights the various method of valuation method in vogue in the real estate. This paper also tries to analyse the determinants influencing the valuation of property. The paper also tries to bring out the challenges faced during the valuation of real estate in the Guwahati city of Assam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the relationship among the macro economic variables like real gross domestic product (GDP), broad money (M3) and price level (WPI) has been examined for the Indian economy using time series data for the pre and post reform period 1970 to 2013. Three variants of the price equation specified in logarithmic form have been estimated following a partial adjustment mechanism. Various tests conducted on the price equation show that the behaviour of price is well explained by changes in output and broad money. Results show that Static and dynamic price equation technique established that increase in money supply has been a quite an important factor in the emergence of inflationary situation in India as well this indicates that an increase of GDP may be effective in reducing the price level in India. This paper suggest that a rise in the real output accompanied by a control of money supply would reduce the price level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent boom in world-wide FDI inflows constitutes a major element of economic globalization. As a result the exports remained the dominant form of corporate internationalization strategies and globalization through FDI has gained significantly in relative importance. After the recent financial crisis, South, East and Southeast Asia emerged as the most important host region among developing countries. However, in recent years, it is commented that a high concentration of FDI in a few large and fairly advanced developing economies has become one of the problems and though most of the developing countries, have been attracting a significant proportion of Global inflow of FDI, it is argued that they are more market-oriented in nature and not efficiency-seeking. Keeping these observations in view, an attempt is made in this paper to analyze the trends in the FDI inflows with special reference to India. Fundamentally relying on secondary data, the present paper presents a critical analysis of FDI in India particularly focusing on sectoral, regional and dominance of investing countries, which might be considered as the major reasons for comparatively less effective in the process of achieving faster and more inclusive growth in India. Particular focus is laid on south-north inequalities, sectoral inequalities and the need for initiation of necessary measures to attract FDI from the friendly-advanced countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing sector is the backbone of any economy. It fuels growth, productivity, employment, and strengthens the agricultural sector and the service sector. With, the gradual slowdown of the world economy and slowing down of consumption demand, it is pertinent to strengthen the country's manufacturing export growth by overcoming the bottlenecks of high cost of capital, lack of economies of scale, inflexible labour laws, inadequate infrastructure, lack of branding, trade barriers etc. Through this paper, I attempt to identify the problems faced by the manufacturing sector in the first part of the paper. In the second part of the paper I critically examine the newly launched Make in India initiative and analyse its strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. And try to find out whether the efforts of the government to make manufacturing a key engine for India's economic growth are giving fruitful results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Women who innovate initiate or adopt business actively are called women entrepreneurs." J. Schumpeter. According to a new National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) study published in a recent Forbes article, over half of all new small business jobs created in the next five years will come from businesses started by women. Self-employment is regarded as a cure to generate income. The Planning commission as well as the Indian government recognizes the need for women to be part of the mainstream of economic development. Women entrepreneurship is seen as an effective strategy to solve the problems of rural and urban poverty. Entrepreneurship development for women is an important factor in economic development of India. It is estimated that women entrepreneurs presently comprise about 10% of the total number of entrepreneurs in India, with the percentage growing every year. This conceptual paper give emphasis on the problems, issues, challenges faced by women entrepreneurs especially in India and the remedies to overcome them in the light of Indian government policies for women entrepreneurs. The primary objective of this paper is to find out the status of women entrepreneurs in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) considered as a growth engine of Indian economy. By its less capital intensive and high labour absorption nature, this sector has made significant contributions to employment generation and also to rural industrialization. However, lack of access to finance and timely credits as well as escalating cost are cited as important reasons for underutilization of the manufacturing capabilities of MSME. State Financial Corporations have been established to provide various types of financial and non-financial assistance to this sector. West Bengal Financial Corporation (WBFC) was setup in the year 1954 with the objective of providing financial assistance to MSME in the state of West Bengal. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the performance of WBFC. Paper is based on secondary data and simple statistical tools and techniques have been used to analyses the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present paper is based on ongoing research based on govt. development program and economic empowerment of rural women. The main objective of this paper is how govt. development program play an important role to empower the rural women. In present study o5 districts of Chhattisgarh state has been selected as study area. About 500 beneficiaries from 100 self-help group of various development program mainly swarn Jayanti Gram Swaraj Yojana were purposively selected as respondents. AS a tool for the collection of data interview-schedule was constructed. Findings of the study shows that through the development program women are more aware regarding health and education but economically they are partially empower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a long time, India has been criticized for non-investor friendly destination. Considering the same, Ease of Doing Business has been one of the significant initiatives run by the current Government and is critical to the success of various policy initiatives such as Start-up India, Digital India, and Make in India etc. In the current global environment, where capital is scarce and there are countries competing for attracting the same capital, it is important to make India an investor-friendly destination. The first step toward this objective is to do away with multiple procedures, rules, regulations and red tape and bring more transparency and clarity in policies. This paper looks into the key initiatives, issues and challenges that India is facing in making it a key investment destination in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship enables to create employment opportunities, delivers goods and services to people, thereby promote economic development and growth. Along with various broad socio-economic advantages, entrepreneurship also provides source of livelihood for the individuals. As part of their empowerment, it is essential to ensure that SC/STs are also participating in entrepreneurial activities. Micro Small and Medium enterprises serve as seed beds of entrepreneurship. Hence in a State, entrepreneurship in MSMEs should be promoted among SC/STs also. In a State governed by same set of rules and regulations is supposed to have uniform development of entrepreneurship throughout. However, the research paper proves that in Kerala State there is regional difference in the status of entrepreneurship among SC/STs in MSMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrialization plays an important role in the economic growth of underdeveloped countries like India. The rate of growth of India economy can be accelerated by increasing income, output and employment through industrial development. In India, industries witnessed very little growth before 1951. But in post independence era, government graves a lot of importance to the industrial development. Since 1951, industrial development in India has taken place mainly in wide diversification of industrial base, development of public sector, restricted import and less dependence on them, globalization of industries and their progressive privatization. Through this paper, we studied the growth rate of industrial production in post independence era. We also measured the growth of eight core industries. Further, this study analyzed the industrial development during five year plans in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign direct investment has been associated with economic growth of developing countries; every country is in a race of attracting more and more FDI into the nation. For India FDI plays a very important role. Here with this paper we are trying to understand the current scenario of FDI in India, such as country wise FDI, Sector wise FDI, regional FDI in India, main sources of FDI inflow etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India and China are the two largest countries in the world in terms of population; they are also the fastest growing economies in the world. India and China jointly are home to the world's largest pools of skilful human resources, and there is a general accord that these two countries will continue to be the devices of global economic growth in the 21st century. Increasing bilateral trade has come to be the strongest pillar of China-India rapprochement. In the past 61 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations, China-India relations have summoned all challenges and made impressive growth. Although there were some border and some other economic issues between India and China in 1960s but both the Countries reignite its bilateral and economic ties during 1980s till date. Booming trade relations between India and China are of more recent origin, more or less coinciding with the onset of contented levels of economic development in both the countries. The trade relations between India and China are analysed by some of the economic indicators i.e. (GDP, Imports and Exports). The GDP of India and China is analysed from 1991 to 2013. The data clearly signifies that the growth of GDP of China is much higher than that of India. The second economic indicator i.e imports and exports is also analysed in this paper. Different statistical tools like Mean, coefficient of variation and kearl pearson's coefficient of correlation have been used for analysing the growth and consistency of imports and exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banking sector plays a vital role in the economic development of a nation. The Indian banking sector has played a significant role in achieving the socio-economic objectives through deposit mobilization, mass branch networking, priority sector lending etc. But in the post liberalization era the Indian banking sector has been facing the reduced productivity, deteriorated asset quality and efficiency and increased cost structure. Among these short comings, the erosion of asset quality is considered as the biggest threat for the development of a sound and efficient banking sector. The deteriorated asset quality affects the profitability, intermediation costs, liquidity, income generating capacity and overall functioning of banks. The reduction in asset quality results in accumulation of nonperforming assets (NPAs). Today the Indian banking sector is facing a serious problem of NPAs. The NPAs in public sector banks have been growing constantly year by year. To improve the efficiency and profitability of banks the NPAs need to be reduced and controlled. This paper highlights the causes for increasing NPAs, impact of NPAs on banks and the magnitude of NPAs in the Indian public sector banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian banking sector has created golden path in the development of Indian economy and in generating wealth to the economy. Banks play a vital role in the economic development of a country. They accumulate the idle savings of the people and make them available for investment. They also create new demand for deposits in the process of granting loans and purchasing investment securities. They facilitate trade both inside and outside the country by accepting and discounting of bills of exchange. Banks also increase the mobility of capital. Commercial banks are the most effective way to generate the credit flow of money in markets. There is severe shortage of capital in India. The banks can play an important role in promoting capital formation, in controlling speculation in maintaining a balance between requirements and availabilities and in direct physical resources into desired channels. Commercial banks play an important and active role in the economic development of a country, if the banking system in a country is effective, efficient and disciplined; it brings about a rapid growth in the various sectors of the economy. The rural population in India plays a major role in the entire population. So by educating the rural people about financial planning and habit of savings we can protect the money of uneducated rural people and extends the flow of money into economy. The Pradhan Mantri Jhan Dhan Yojana is a wonderful scheme which is undertaken by the central government. The objective of this paper is to make review of the success of the scheme and challenges in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For developing nations the era is of inclusive growth and the key for inclusive growth is financial inclusion. Financial inclusion or inclusive financing is the delivery of financial services, at affordable costs, to sections of disadvantaged and low income segments of society. There have been many formidable challenges in financial inclusion area such as bringing the gap between the sections of society that are financially excluded within the ambit of the formal financial system, providing financial literacy and strengthening credit delivery mechanisms so as to improvised the financial economic growth. A nation can grow economically and socially if its weaker section can turn out to be financial independent. The paper highlights the basic features of financial inclusion, and its need for social and economic development of the society. The study focuses on the role of financial inclusion, in strengthening the India's position and highlighting key factors necessary for financial inclusion. For analyzing such facts data for the study has been gathered through secondary sources including report of RBI, NABARD, books on financial inclusion and other articles written by eminent authors. After analyzing the facts and figures it can be concluded that undoubtedly financial inclusion is playing a catalytic role for the economic and social development of society but still there is a long road ahead to achieve the desired outcomes. Banking business has done wonders for the world economy. The simple looking method of accepting money deposits from savers and then lending the same money to borrowers, banking activity encourages the flow of money to productive use and investments. This in turn allows the economy to grow. The government of India started the cooperative movement of India in 1904. Then the government therefore decided to develop the cooperatives as the institutional agency to tackle the problem of rural indebtedness, which has become a curse for population. In such a situation cooperative banks operate as a balancing centre. At present there are several cooperative banks which are performing multipurpose functions of financial, administrative, supervisory and development in nature of expansion and development of cooperative credit system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) is now important investment in the country's economic growth. In developing countries like India foreign capital helps in increasing the productivity of labour and to build up foreign exchange reserves to meet the current account deficit. Foreign Investment provides a channel through which country can have access to foreign capital. Since the opening up of India's capital markets, the FII activity has been on a constant rise. This paper is an effort to analyze the relationship between the FIIs equity investment pattern and Indian stock indices and to analyze the impact of FIIs equity investment on specific industrial sector. The study will provide a very clear picture of the impact of foreign institutional investors on Indian stock indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be an effective platform for engaging with the society meaningfully for corporate houses. Growing disparities in economic well. Mandatory CSR spending as stipulated in the Indian Companies Act, 2013 has also contributed to the growing interest in the role of corporate sector in social development among practitioners and researchers in the area of CSR. Companies based in Kerala, despite having a long record of social involvement, have not been reputation and public visibility for these companies. However, this situation is slated for change following the mandatory CSR clause in Companies Act as many companies are likely to seek more professional ways of managing CSR programmes because of the considerable size of mandatory CSR spend. This can definitely help the social sector in the state in several ways. Increased infusion of corporate funds will definitely be a boost to the sector. But this increased participation by corporate sector can also bring with it increased commercialisation and shifting of priorities in social sector. The present paper is an attempt to present a conceptual analysis of the role of corporate sector in the social development sector in Kerala in the present scenario. The analysis, which is based on extensive literature review of the relevant concepts, hopes to make significant contribution to the understanding of CSR by Kerala based companies and corporate participation in social sector in the state of Kerala. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is one of the fastest growing economics of the world. Yet the 2010 Human Development Index ranks India as a middle level country in the bottom third at 119 of 169 countries on the human development index. The Voluntary sector or non-governmental Organizations have emerged as anew force contributing to social upliftment and economic development. India is estimated to have 3.3 million registered NGOs. NGOs are engaged in development work in the remotest of areas in a variety of area like health, education, water, environment, human rights SCs/STs, women empowerment, child rights, disability, etc ensuring that people got their entitlement. But in our county people rightly remarks that, "Bekar baithane se achha hain NGOs chalao aur paisa banao" what its really means, without work, make money by just doing paper formalities with doing fraud and cheat to poor people in rural areas. So for that promoting good governance in the management of NGOs (Non-governmental organisations) is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The very own purpose of this study is to know the impact of employee engagement and customer engagement on the financial performance of service industry especially private banking sector of India. Particularly this study is made on the selected ten private banks in India and emphasizes on three major relationships i.e. (1) Relationship between employee engagement and financial performance, (2) Relationship between customer engagement and financial performance, (3) Relationship between employee engagement and customer engagement. This study involves the review of nine papers and used 5 point Likert scale questionnaire to collect the data from the target respondents such as customers, employees and branch managers of selected private banks. T-test has been used as statistical tools to empirically test the proposed hypothesis and relationships between the above constructs. The major findings of this study states that employee engagement has relationship with financial performance, customer engagement has relationship with financial performance, and employee engagement has no relationship between customer engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) was considered to be the lifeblood of economic development especially for the developing and underdeveloped countries. FDI is imperative for the economy as it is a momentum of growth, strengthens domestic capital, generates employment, augments productivity, and fosters exports through up gradation of technology and many more. Thus, there are innumerable determinants which lead to increase or decrease in the flows of FDI in any economy. In the light of this background, the current study aimed to determine long term equilibrium association between GDP and FDI inflows in India for the period of 1991 to 2014. GDP was taken as an exogenous variable while FDI was considered as an endogenous variable. To examine whether long term equilibrium association between the two variables existed or not, Engel-Granger Approach (or Bi-variate Approach) of Co-Integration test was used and further, Co-Integration Vector was built. The empirical results of co-integration revealed that there existed a long-run equilibrium association between FDI Inflows and GDP followed by Error Correction Mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unorganised retail sector of India is one of the largest growing sector in the world with the only problem that the activities of this sector are not properly organised and are within the hands of few retailers. The foreign investors in India are not very much interested in investing in India because they are not very much sure about their future investment in India. The industrial policy of 1991 provided a new way to attract foreign investment in India. The research paper aims to study the impact of FDI in the economic development of India with special reference to the retail sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study analyzes the role of imports in India's economic growth and examine whether the import growth helps in the development of our country. This study is mainly concentrated on the growth and composition of import and GDP in India. The results of the analysis reveal a positive relationship between import and GDP. It suggests that the rapid growth of imports played a substantial role in the growth rate in India following trade liberalization during the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global scenario has undergone rapid restructuring in the corporate sector in the form of consolidation strategies to overcome the challenges posed by new pattern of globalisation and competition which has led to greater and more robust integration of various economies. The intensity of such operations is increasing with the deregulation of various Government policies as a facilitator of the new economic regime. Healthcare sector has a great potential in the present globalised world. The Ranbaxy-Daiichi Alliance is one of the landmarks in the pharmaceutical sector where two strong contenders have altered the paradigm for business and their synergies have enhanced the overall scope, scale and effectiveness of the business. The present paper critically analyses the Ranbaxy-Daiichi Alliance case in term of the post alliance effectiveness. The study is conceptual based on the available secondary source information in the nature of previous research reports available in literature and tertiary like various indexed and referred information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is mainly aimed to evaluate the overall growth of life insurance industry in India after the enactment of IRDA. The basis of this evaluation is based on the growth of number of life insurance companies, growth in collection of life insurance premium, growth in penetration of life insurance business, growth in number of life insurance policy holders, growth in number of life insurance offices, growth in capital infusion in life insurance industry and so on. The study is based upon secondary data collected from various sources for last 15 years i.e. from 2000-2001 to 2014-2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism and hospitality has been an effective instrument for generating employment, earning revenue and foreign exchange, enhancing environment, preserving culture and tradition. It can ensure an overall development in a sustainable manner. Economic diversification and technological improvement have created a conducive environment for tourism development in the present age of globalization. Tourism Industry Contributes Significantly to National GDP, it is a Major Contributor of SDGP of Kerala. Total tourism revenue of Kerala (both direct and indirect) during 2015 was Rs 26,689 crore, showing a rise of 7.25 per cent over last year. S This shows an increasing trend over the past few years. And the aim of the study is to analyse the contribution of tourism and hospitality industry to Kerala's economic growth. Here, the economic growth is measured in terms of employment generation and impact on GDP. And also examine the various marketing initiatives in Kerala tourism and hospitality industry to attract tourists and impact of these initiatives to economic growth. Therefore, the careful management of the sector is essential in order to reap in the maximum benefits with the minimum negative impact and to make it more environmentally and socially sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Savings is an important aspect of the socio-economic development of rural households. Under present developing countries like India, savings can play a vital role for upgrades standard of living of marginal peoples. Present study entitled "Savings Behavior in Unakoti District of Tripura" is an empirical study on small savings and investment of rural households in Unakoti District of Tripura. The study shows that collection of small savings and investment in the District are optimist. Income levels of the rural households are despondent but people have habit to save in small savings scheme. Savings environment are establishing very smoothly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, financial inclusion is a burning point for policy making because of its potential to encourage economic growth and development. As per the Indian economy, a huge segment of India's population exists on the margins of India's financial systems. There is growing alarm for people being 'under-banked'. The main objective of financial inclusions to provide banking and financial services to weaker section of the society in a fair, transparent and equitable manner at affordable cost. It is also an important priority of the country in terms of economic growth and development of society. It enables to reduce the gap between rich and poor. It helps to channelize money-flow to the economy; it ensures people who are unable to access financial system so far can access it with ease. For this study secondary source was used to analyze the impact of financial inclusion on Indian Banking Industry and its growth by taking five years data from 2011 to 2015. The article also tried to study the various scheme run by the Government for financial inclusion. From this study it is concluded that the provision of banking branches and strong banking network are the foremost facilitator's of developmental and expansionary activities in banking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining comes with a lot of employment opportunities coupled with developmental activities in the area of operation that has an impact on the socio-economic characteristics of the inhabitants in the areas. Following the Chinese boom, during the last decade iron ore mining took place in full swing in the iron ore rich state of Goa. With this background the current study aims at comparing the socio-economic characteristics of the households in the mining areas with the non-mining areas within the same talukas. For the purpose, an interview schedule was forwarded to 256 respondents in the mining and 191 respondents in the non-mining areas within the same talukas. Descriptive statistics and t-test was used to compare the socio-economic variables of the two areas. The study revealed a significant difference in the economic variables but no difference in the educational status of the households in the two areas. The study suggests the need to promote higher education in the areas to improve people's thinking skills and to educate them about the nature of mining industry so as to enable a holistic socio-economic development in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic development of any country depend on healthy financial system of that country. The real factors of an economy such as industrial growth, growth and modernization of agriculture, expansion of agriculture, development of domestic and international trade etc. all are depending upon the financial system of a country. A healthy banking system is the major component of a healthy financial system and performance of banking in any economy is an effective measure to and indicator of performance of economy as a whole of that country. Banking system plays a bedrock for economic, social and industrial growth of an economy. The studies of McKinnon (1973) and Shaw (1973) emphasized the role of financial system in economic growth and according to them there is a strong correlation between economic growth and financial system of a country. Banks as a financial institution played very important role in capital formation in the economy and transfer of resources from saving groups to deficit groups which may use the financial resources for production of goods or services. That is why evaluation of financial performance of banking sector is an effect measure and indicator to check the soundness of economic activities of an economy. There is a substantial improvement over the earlier supervisory system of banking sector in terms of recovery, management efficiency, assets quality, earning quality and internal control system to regulate the level of risk and financial viability of commercial banks. The regulators have augmented bank supervision by using CAMEL (Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Quality, Earnings and Liquidity) rating criterion to assess and evaluate the performance and financial soundness of the activities of the bank. In India RBI recommended two supervisory rating models named as CAMEL (Capital Adequacy, Assets Quality, Management, Earning,Liquidity) and CACS (Capital Adequacy, Assets Quality, Compliance, Systems and Controls) for rating of Indian commercial Banks and Foreign Banks operating in India. Here our study is based on analysis of the performance of State Bank of India and its associate'sbanks using CAMEL model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world today has become more competitive due to big organizations, globalization and ever changing technology. Therefore, managing an organization has become more complex than even before. At this stage, QWL has emerged as one of the most important aspect of job that ensures long term association of the employees with the organization. Banking industry in India is one of the largest contributors to the service sector and in turn to the economic development of the country. This has necessitated the researcher to find the factors affecting quality of work life in Lucknow. In total, 300 employees were selected for the purpose of the study, 150 each from the public and private sector banks. The factor analysis was used for the purpose of analysis by the researcher. This study reveals that Working environment and Work life space dimension, Opportunities for individual growth and Career development dimensions, Social integration in the workplace dimension, Adequate and fair compensation dimension, Social relevance of the worker's life and Working conditions dimension are the factors which most significantly affect the quality of work life of employees and hence, the effective functioning of the banking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrastructure is the baseline and key driver for overall development of a country. It is an admitted fact that the level of economic development of a country directly depends on the development of infrastructure. To sustain this economic growth there must be a matching infrastructure. Poor infrastructure causes higher supply costs and delays for businesses. Technopark's aim is to create infrastructure and provide support required for the development of high-technology companies. Renowned as the Country's first IT Park and one of the largest one in India in terms of built up space, Technopark was reputed as greenest IT Park established in 1990. It aims to provide all the infrastructure and support facilities needed for IT/ITES. The study was conceived to analyze how Technopark, Trivandrum, supports the IT companies functioning in Technopark, in retaining its operational viability by providing continuous and world class infrastructure. The data for the study were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Statistical tools such as Chi-square test, Fried Mans Rank Test, correlation one way Anova were used to verify the hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiscal performance of national and sub-national governments, both in developed and developing economies is an important measure to assess the macro-economic stability. Decentralisation has given significant spending and taxation responsibilities to subnational governments in developing countries. The performance of the subnational governments has a direct effect on the fiscal performance of the national government. In India, states have been given an important role in human and economic development. Growing responsibilities of the state governments has resulted in huge revenue and fiscal deficits of the state governments. Increasing public expenditure of the state governments has also resulted in wasteful and inefficient utilization of resources. Therefore it is necessary to analyse the trends and pattern of public expenditure of the state governments. In this context present study analyse the pattern of public expenditure in Haryana since 1997-98. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the importance of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in West Bengal which have an important role to play in the Indian economy also due to its greater resource, capacity for employment generation, technological innovation, promoting inter sectoral linkages, raising exports and developing entrepreneurial skills. In addition, there are many economic and sociological factors that make a strong case for advocating a big push to this sector in the present phase of economic growth in West Bengal. Keeping in view the importance of this sector, Government of West Bengal with the help of Government of India introduce certain schemes to develop this sector but still now there are so many problems faced by this type of enterprises like lack of capital adequacy, lack of access to global market, high cost of credit, problems of storage, designing, packaging and product display, inadequate infrastructure facilities etc. To eradicate these core problems faced by the enterprises, the policy makers and the entrepreneurs itself must join their hands and also they can provide us well developed and polished economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty is defined in terms of income, expenditure and nutritional value (calorie intake). Social dimension of poverty is a neglected area of study. Poverty is more of social marginalization of an individual, household or group in the community/society rather than inadequacy of income to fulfill the basic needs. Indeed, inadequate income is therefore one of the factors of marginalization but not the sole factor. The goal of poverty alleviation programme should aim merely increasing the income level of individual, household or group but mainstreaming marginalized in the development process of the country. The country cannot claim economic growth when sections of the people are marginalized to the periphery of the society. The rapid economic growth process should accelerate the access to services like education and health services for all, especially the marginalized citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A self-help group (SHG) is a village-based financial intermediary usually composed of 10-20 local women. Self help groups (SHGs) have appeared as popular method of working in the company of people in recent years. This movement comes from the people's desires to meet their needs and determine their own destines through the principle "by the people, for the people and of the people". This article is a descriptive study of the SHGs promoted by Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) under Mugberia Central Co-Operative Bank Ltd., working for promotion of SHGs in block- Bhagwanpur-II block,Purba (East) Medinipur, West Bengal, India. A sample of 10 SHGs consisting of 100 members have been taken to study the various aspects of the SHGs viz. educational profile, economic status and occupational pattern etc. pre and post SHG formation. It is found that most of the members of SHGs are economically weak. The overall findings of the study suggest that SHG--Bank Linkage through PACS has significantly improved the access to financial services for the rural poor and has considerable positive impact on the socioeconomic conditions and the reduction of poverty of SHG members and their households. It has also empowered women members substantially and contributed to increased self confidence and positive behavioral changes in the post-SHG period as compared to the pre-SHG period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Villages are the backbone of our economy. The soul of India lives in its villages. Empowerment of farmers leads to economic development of any country. However, malnourishment, suicide and health problems of farmers are shocking realities that still exist in many rural areas in our country and this is considered to be a serious threat to the economic progress of our country. The farmers already emaciated due to malnutrition further face the problem of inadequate finance. Financial assistance from the government will relieve them from several problems. Many of the farmers are under the clutches of unscrupulous money lenders which is surprising. They are blissfully unaware of financial services provided by our banks. Over the last few years, Government of India has given significant importance to the idea of financial inclusion. The need for the study of financial inclusion is to create a market driven banking sector with adequate focus on economic development. The objective of the study is to analyze the linkage between finance and economic development and to study the status of financial inclusion in India. Hope that the importance of Financial Inclusion is realized by all stakeholders responsible for making the banking process a success and that whatever strategies suggested will be pursued in right earnest by everyone in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, FDI has increased significantly over the past two decades. However, it has been concentrated in a few sectors. The Government of India has put in its practice a liberal and more transparent FDI policy with a view to attract more FDI inflows into its economy. The study has summarized the emerging patterns and trends in inflows of FDI in India in the wake of policy reforms initiated since 1991. While the magnitudes of inflows have recorded impressive growth, they are still at a small level compared to the country's potential. The aims of the present study are to analyze the FDI inflows in various sectors attracting highest FDI inflows in India from 1991-2009 and the major ten source countries contributing highest FDI inflows in the above said period. For ensuring higher FDI inflows and the planned performance of economy, government should opt for "controlled liberalization". Policy controls should be made in such a manner that FDI would be able to contribute in up gradation of technology and the development of economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banks occupy the pride of place in any financial system by virtue of the significant role they play in spurring economic growth by undertaking maturity transformation and supporting the critical payment systems. The protection of depositors' interests and ensuring financial stability are two of the major drivers for putting in place an effective system of supervision of banks. In the wake of recurring bank failures and consequent financial crises over the last two decades, there have been resolute attempts by bank supervisors across the globe to limit the impacts of bank failure and contagion through 'safety nets' in the form of deposit insurance and liquidity support by Central Banks/ Governments. An effective supervisory system is, however, critical for preventing bank failures by ensuring the safety and soundness of banks. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the productivity and profitability of 67 scheduled commercial banks in India using CAMEL supervisory model covering the ten years period of 2002-03 to 2011-12. The banks were judged on five different components under the acronym C-A-M-E-L: Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management, Earnings and Liquidity. The findings of the study revealed that foreign banks positioned first in terms of their management efficiency, earnings quality and liquidity. Private sector banks ranked second followed by Nationalised banks and SBI and its associates positioned at last. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tremendous growth of population and rapid urbanization has put forward urban infrastructure under severe pressure that results, increasing demand for basic infrastructural services in developing countries where, India is not an exception. Urban local bodies (ULBs) are striving to promote infrastructure development wherein urban infrastructure is a crucial determinant in economic development that has a multiplier effect on the economy. Unplanned urbanization is deterrent in the process of economic and social development. Hence, adequate supply of infrastructure stock is needed to foster economic development. The ULBS are facing resource constraints to finance the growing need of infrastructure investment as they are facing the issue of narrow base revenue crunch and fiscal mismanagement. In market based economy, it has been leading transition from the domain of public funding to private funding. The emergence of municipal bonds in India is an important breakthrough and a potential financial instrument in mobilizing resources from the capital market to finance urban infrastructure though it is at promising stage. The present study seeks to understand the current status and role of Municipal bonds in urban infrastructure financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian financial system has great impact on their economic development. Financial system plays very important role in every country. This financial system is expected to be healthy and conductive to the economic development. In India financial system is facing much more problems. There are various new trends emerging in Indian financial system regarding mutual fund, share market, foreign direct investment etc., by using these trends India will strengthen their economy at large scale. But now a days India is facing problems because of policy introduced by Govt. For overall development of our country it is necessary to strengthen the Indian financial system which is major contributor to the economic development of the nation. Mutual fund brings new prospective and different view in consideration of GROWTH OF INDIAN financial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]