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Two-dimensional quantum gravity, defined either via scaling limits of random discrete surfaces or via Liouville quantum gravity, is known to possess a geometry that is genuinely fractal with a Hausdorff dimension equal to 4. Coupling gravity to a statistical system at criticality changes the fractal properties of the geometry in a way that depends on the central charge of the critical system. Establishing the dependence of the Hausdorff dimension on this central charge c has been an important open problem in physics and mathematics in the past decades. All simulation data produced thus far has supported a formula put forward by Watabiki in the nineties. However, recent rigorous bounds on the Hausdorff dimension in Liouville quantum gravity show that Watabiki's formula cannot be correct when c approaches. Based on simulations of discrete surfaces encoded by random planar maps and a numerical implementation of Liouville quantum gravity, we obtain new finite-size scaling estimates of the Hausdorff dimension that are in clear contradiction with Watabiki's formula for all simulated values of. Instead, the most reliable data in the range is in very good agreement with an alternative formula that was recently suggested by Ding and Gwynne. The estimates for display a negative deviation from the latter formula, but the scaling is seen to be less accurate in this regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]