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3. Circumstances and outcomes of sudden unexpected death in patients with high-risk myocardial infarction: implications for prevention.

Author

Ye S, Grunnert M, Thune JJ, Stephenson KM, Uno H, Finn PV, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, Califf R, Pfeffer MA, and Solomon SD

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Defibrillators, Implantable statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction therapy, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Resuscitation mortality, Risk Factors, Tachycardia, Ventricular therapy, Ventricular Fibrillation therapy, Death, Sudden, Cardiac epidemiology, Death, Sudden, Cardiac prevention & control, Myocardial Infarction mortality, Tachycardia, Ventricular mortality, Ventricular Fibrillation mortality
Abstract

Background: Sudden death (SD) is a frequent catastrophic complication in patients after myocardial infarction. Circumstances of SD may affect strategies for prevention., Methods and Results: We reviewed source documentation for 1067 patients who had SD in the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT) trial. We determined the circumstances of these events and assessed long-term mortality in patients who were resuscitated. Location of the SD event was available in 978 of 1067 patients, with 226 events occurring within the first 40 days. Although SD was more likely to occur at home (645 of 978, 66%) than in hospital (204 of 978, 21%), the proportion of in-hospital events was higher early on (99 of 226, 44%). Home events were less likely to be witnessed regardless of time frame. Preceding activity was known for 42% of patients with home arrest; of these, 52% were determined to be asleep at time of event, and these deaths were more likely to be unwitnessed. A majority of patients for whom initial ECG rhythm was reported had ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (189 of 283, 67%). Of the 155 patients successfully resuscitated, 24% subsequently received an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Nineteen percent of those who received an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator subsequently died compared with 49% of patients who did not receive an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.14 to 0.93; P=0.04)., Conclusions: A high proportion of SD events after high-risk myocardial infarction occurred at home, but in-hospital events were more common early on. Patients who were asleep were more likely to have unwitnessed arrests. Alternative strategies for the prevention of SD in patients who are not candidates for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator will need to take into account the circumstances of SD events.

Published
2011
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4. Pathogenesis of sudden unexpected death in a clinical trial of patients with myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, or both.

Author

Pouleur AC, Barkoudah E, Uno H, Skali H, Finn PV, Zelenkofske SL, Belenkov YN, Mareev V, Velazquez EJ, Rouleau JL, Maggioni AP, Køber L, Califf RM, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, and Solomon SD

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Failure complications, Heart Failure physiopathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction complications, Myocardial Infarction physiopathology, Time Factors, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left complications, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left physiopathology, Death, Sudden, Cardiac epidemiology, Death, Sudden, Cardiac etiology, Heart Failure mortality, Myocardial Infarction mortality, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left mortality
Abstract

Background: The frequency of sudden unexpected death is highest in the early post-myocardial infarction (MI) period; nevertheless, 2 recent trials showed no improvement in mortality with early placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator after MI., Methods and Results: To better understand the pathophysiological events that lead to sudden death after MI, we assessed autopsy records in a series of cases classified as sudden death events in patients from the VALsartan In Acute myocardial infarctioN Trial (VALIANT). Autopsy records were available in 398 cases (14% of deaths). We determined that 105 patients had clinical circumstances consistent with sudden death. On the basis of the autopsy findings, we assessed the probable cause of sudden death and evaluated how these causes varied with time after MI. Of 105 deaths considered sudden on clinical grounds, autopsy suggested the following causes: 3 index MIs in the first 7 days (2.9%); 28 recurrent MIs (26.6%); 13 cardiac ruptures (12.4%); 4 pump failures (3.8%); 2 other cardiovascular causes (stroke or pulmonary embolism; 1.9%); and 1 noncardiovascular cause (1%). Fifty-four cases (51.4%) had no acute specific autopsy evidence other than the index MI and were thus presumed arrhythmic. The percentage of sudden death due to recurrent MI or rupture was highest in the first month after the index MI. By contrast, after 3 months, the percentage of presumed arrhythmic death was higher than recurrent MI or rupture (chi(2)=23.3, P<0.0001)., Conclusions: Recurrent MI or cardiac rupture accounts for a high proportion of sudden death in the early period after acute MI, whereas arrhythmic death may be more likely subsequently. These findings may help explain the lack of benefit of early implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy.

Published
2010
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5. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.

Author

Martin, Seth S., Aday, Aaron W., Almarzooq, Zaid I., Anderson, Cheryl A.M., Arora, Pankaj, Avery, Christy L., Baker-Smith, Carissa M., Barone Gibbs, Bethany, Beaton, Andrea Z., Boehme, Amelia K., Commodore-Mensah, Yvonne, Currie, Maria E., Elkind, Mitchell S.V., Evenson, Kelly R., Generoso, Giuliano, Heard, Debra G., Hiremath, Swapnil, Johansen, Michelle C., Kalani, Rizwan, and Kazi, Dhruv S.

Published
2024
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7. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.

Author

Tsao, Connie W., Aday, Aaron W., Almarzooq, Zaid I., Anderson, Cheryl A.M., Arora, Pankaj, Avery, Christy L., Baker-Smith, Carissa M., Beaton, Andrea Z., Boehme, Amelia K., Buxton, Alfred E., Commodore-Mensah, Yvonne, Elkind, Mitchell S.V., Evenson, Kelly R., Eze-Nliam, Chete, Fugar, Setri, Generoso, Giuliano, Heard, Debra G., Hiremath, Swapnil, Ho, Jennifer E., and Kalani, Rizwan

Published
2023
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8. Impact of Sacubitril/Valsartan Compared With Ramipril on Cardiac Structure and Function After Acute Myocardial Infarction: The PARADISE-MI Echocardiographic Substudy.

Author

Shah, Amil M., Claggett, Brian, Prasad, Narayana, Li, Guichu, Volquez, Mayra, Jering, Karola, Cikes, Maja, Kovacs, Attila, Mullens, Wilfried, Nicolau, Jose C., Køber, Lars, van der Meer, Peter, Jhund, Pardeep S., Ibram, Ghionul, Lefkowitz, Martin, Zhou, Yinong, Solomon, Scott D., and Pfeffer, Marc A.

Published
2022
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11. ECG-Based Deep Learning and Clinical Risk Factors to Predict Atrial Fibrillation.

Author

Khurshid, Shaan, Friedman, Samuel, Reeder, Christopher, Di Achille, Paolo, Diamant, Nathaniel, Singh, Pulkit BA, Harrington, Lia X., Wang, Xin, Al-Alusi, Mostafa A., Sarma, Gopal, Foulkes, Andrea S. ScD, Ellinor, Patrick T., Anderson, Christopher D. M, Ho, Jennifer E., Philippakis, Anthony A., Batra, Puneet, Lubitz, Steven A., Singh, Pulkit, Foulkes, Andrea S, and Anderson, Christopher D

Published
2022
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12. Identification of Long Noncoding RNA H19 as a New Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Right Ventricular Failure in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Author

Omura, Junichi, Habbout, Karima, Shimauchi, Tsukasa, Wu, Wen-Hui, Breuils-Bonnet, Sandra, Tremblay, Eve, Martineau, Sandra, Nadeau, Valérie, Gagnon, Kassandra, Mazoyer, Florence, Perron, Jean, Potus, Francois, Lin, Jian-Hui, Zafar, Hamza, Kiely, David G., Lawrie, Allan, Archer, Stephen L., Paulin, Roxane, Provencher, Steeve, and Boucherat, Olivier

Published
2020
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14. Higher Activation of the Rostromedial Prefrontal Cortex During Mental Stress Predicts Major Cardiovascular Disease Events in Individuals With Coronary Artery Disease.

Author

Moazzami, Kasra, Wittbrodt, Matthew T., Lima, Bruno B., Nye, Jonathon A., Mehta, Puja K., Pearce, Brad D., Almuwaqqat, Zakaria, Hammadah, Muhammad, Levantsevych, Oleksiy, Sun, Yan V., Raggi, Paolo, Garcia, Ernest V., Goetz, Margarethe, Quyyumi, Arshed A., Bremner, J. Douglas, Vaccarino, Viola, and Shah, Amit J.

Published
2020
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15. Research Priorities for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group Summary.

Author

Shah, Sanjiv J., Borlaug, Barry A., Kitzman, Dalane W., McCulloch, Andrew D., Blaxall, Burns C., Agarwal, Rajiv, Chirinos, Julio A., Collins, Sheila, Deo, Rahul C., Gladwin, Mark T., Granzier, Henk, Hummel, Scott L., Kass, David A., Redfield, Margaret M., Sam, Flora, Wang, Thomas J., Desvigne-Nickens, Patrice, and Adhikari, Bishow B.

Published
2020
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30. Global Electric Heterogeneity Risk Score for Prediction of Sudden Cardiac Death in the General Population: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) and Cardiovascular Health (CHS) Studies.

Author

Waks, Jonathan W., Sitlani, Colleen M., Soliman, Elsayed Z., Kabir, Muammar, Ghafoori, Elyar, Biggs, Mary L., Henrikson, Charles A., Sotoodehnia, Nona, Biering-Sørensen, Tor, Agarwal, Sunil K., Siscovick, David S., Post, Wendy S., Solomon, Scott D., Buxton, Alfred E., Josephson, Mark E., and Tereshchenko, Larisa G.

Published
2016
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31. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Agonist Fingolimod Increases Myocardial Salvage and Decreases Adverse Postinfarction Left Ventricular Remodeling in a Porcine Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion.

Author

Santos-Gallego, Carlos G., Vahl, Torsten P., Goliasch, Georg, Picatoste, Belen, Arias, Teresa, Kiyotake Ishikawa, Njerve, Ida U., Sanz, Javier, Narula, Jagat, Sengupta, Partho P., Hajjar, Roger J., Fuster, Valentin, Badimon, Juan J., and Ishikawa, Kiyotake

Published
2016
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37. Predictors of Long-Term Recurrent Vascular Events After Ischemic Stroke at Young Age.

Author

Pezzini, Alessandro, Grassi, Mario, Lodigiani, Corrado, Patella, Rosalba, Gandolfo, Carlo, Zini, Andrea, DeLodovici, Maria Luisa, Paciaroni, Maurizio, Del Sette, Massimo, Toriello, Antonella, Musolino, Rossella, Salvatore Calabrò, Rocco, Bovi, Paolo, Adami, Alessandro, Silvestrelli, Giorgio, Sessa, Maria, Cavallini, Anna, Marcheselli, Simona, Bonifati, Domenico Marco, and Checcarelli, Nicoletta

Published
2014
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38. Risk Stratification for Sudden Cardiac Death.

Author

Goldberger, Jeffrey J., Basu, Anirban, Boineau, Robin, Buxton, Alfred E., Cain, Michael E., Canty Jr., John M., Peng-Sheng Chen, Chugh, Sumeet S., Costantini, Otto, Exner, Derek V., Kadish, Alan H., Lee, Byron, Lloyd-Jones, Donald, Moss, Arthur J., Myerburg, Robert J., Olgin, Jeffrey E., Passman, Rod, Stevenson, William G., Tomaselli, Gordon F., and Zareba, Wojciech

Published
2014
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