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Machine learning-based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods can have a good predictive ability even in complex scenarios. However, their estimation performance in the face of unknown data is poor because they rely on the generalization ability of the algorithm itself. Therefore, this paper proposes a DOA estimation method based on the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm. Using the histogram algorithm, gradient-based one-sided sampling and exclusive feature bundling measures, the LightGBM algorithm can reduce the time to find the best segmentation point, reduce the amount of data and the number of features in the dataset, thus reducing the model training time, and achieve high prediction accuracy. Applying the LightGBM algorithm to the DOA estimation problem and using a large dataset for training can improve the estimation accuracy while reducing the training cost. Simulation and real experimental results verify the effectiveness of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]