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ABSTRACT: The objective was to estimate the most appropriate digestible methionine + cysteine:lysine ratios for growing meat-type quails (Coturnix coturnix) from 1 to 21 days of age. Quails were fed with a basal ration deficient in digestible methionine + cysteine, with five levels of DL-methionine, in substitution of glutamic acid and starch, resulting in digestible methionine + cysteine:lysine ratios of 0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76 and 0.81. Feed and methionine + cysteine intake, body weight gain, feed conversion and uniformity were assessed. From 1 to 7 days, an increasing linear effect was observed for feed and methionine + cysteine intake, body weight gain, and uniformity, and a linear decrease for feed conversion. From 8 to 14 days, the 0.70 methionine + cysteine: lysine ratio was the best for feed intake and body weight gain, and for uniformity, the 0.75 methionine + cysteine:lysine ratio was the most appropriate. For methionine + cysteine intake and feed conversion, an increasing and decreasing linear adjustment was observed, respectively. From 15 to 21 days, an increasing linear effect was observed for feed and methionine + cysteine intake and body weight gain; a decreasing linear effect was observed for feed conversion. The 0.81 ratio was the most efficient for feed conversion during all evaluated experimental periods. In conclusion, the 0.81 dietary methionine + cysteine:lysine ratio is the most appropriate for meat-type quails during the first 21 days of age.

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar a exigência de lisina digestível para suínos machos não castrados de alto potencial genético em fase de crescimento. Foram utilizados 320 machos não castrados e 80 castrados, com peso inicial de 27,75±1,61kg, distribuídos em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso composto por cinco tratamentos (0,90; 1,00; 1,10 e 1,20% de lisina digestível para não castrados e 1,10% de lisina digestível para castrados), oito repetições, com 10 animais cada. O aumento da concentração de lisina na dieta aumentou de forma linear (P0,05) o consumo de ração diário dos machos não castrados. Suínos castrados apresentaram maior (PThis study was conducted to determine the digestible lysine requirement for non castrated pigs of high genetic potential in growth phase. It was used 320 not castrated and 80 castrated males, with initial weight of 27.75±1.61kg, distributed in a randomized block design consisting of five treatments (0.90, 1.00, 1.10 and 1.20% digestible lysine for not castrated and 1.10% digestible lysine for castrated males), eight replicates with ten animals each. The increase of lysine concentration in the diet increased linearly (P0.05) daily feed intake of not castrated males. Castrated males had higher (P

Foi conduzido um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a formulação de dietas com diferentes perfis protéicos ideais para frangos de corte fêmeas. Foram usadas aves dos cruzamentos Cobb x Cobb 500 e Ross x Ross 308. As dietas foram fornecidas em um programa alimentar de quatro fases: 1 a 7, 7 a 21, 21 a 31 e 31 a 37 dias de idade. Até os 21 dias de idade, as aves receberam dietas com perfis protéicos ideais altos (A), médios (M) e baixos (B). De 21 dias até o final do experimento, houve uma redistribuição dos tratamentos em que metade das aves recebendo dieta A passaram a receber dieta B e metade daquelas recebendo dieta B passaram a receber dieta A. As aves recebendo dieta M permaneceram com o mesmo perfil protéico por todo o período experimental. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial com três perfis protéicos e duas linhagens até os 21 dias de idade e cinco perfis protéicos ideais e duas linhagens dos 21 aos 37 dias de idade. As aves da linhagem Cobb apresentaram maior peso vivo aos 21 dias de idade e melhor conversão alimentar até o final do experimento, enquanto aves Ross apresentaram maior consumo de ração durante todo o período experimental. Ainda para frangos Ross, a proporção de carne de peito aos 31 dias de idade foi maior e a proporção de coxas + sobrecoxas, aos 31 e 37 dias de idade, menores em relação às aves Cobb. As aves recebendo as dietas A e M até os 21 dias de idade apresentaram respostas zootécnicas similares, ambas superiores às aves recebendo dieta B. A avaliação dos dados aos 31 e 37 dias de idade demonstrou que as aves do programa alimentar BB apresentaram peso vivo semelhante, maior consumo de ração e conversão alimentar pior na comparação com as aves dos demais tratamentos. Já na avaliação após o abate, as únicas diferenças observadas foram relativas à proporção de gordura abdominal aos 31 dias de idade. Foi possível concluir que aves Cobb apresentaram melhor conversão alimentar independentemente do programa alimentar utilizado e que os perfis protéicos ideais médios foram suficientes para maximizar o desempenho tanto sob o ponto de vista de peso corporal quanto de conversão alimentar.This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the performance of two broiler strain crosses fed diets having 3 different ideal protein profiles. One day old Cobb x Cobb 500 and Ross x Ross 308 broiler chicks were in a feeding program of 4 phases from 1 to 7, 7 to 21, 21 to 31 and 31 to 37 days of age and having high (H), medium (M) and low (L) ideal protein profiles. At 21 days of age, half of the replications fed H and L protein diets changed to L and H, respectively, whereas those receiving M remained all the way to the end in the same protein level. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement having 3 ideal protein levels and 2 strain crosses until 21 days of age and 5 ideal protein levels and 2 strains from 21 to 37 days old was used. Cobb broilers had higher body weight at 21 days of age and better feed conversion until the end of the experiment, whereas Ross broilers showed higher feed intake during all the experimental period. At processing, Ross broilers had higher breast meat yield at 31 days old, but Cobb broilers had higher yield of leg quarters both at 31 and 37 days. At 21 days, H and M diets presented similar live performance; however, both were superior when compared to L diets. Differences in body weigh at 31 and 37 days due to feeding programs were not apparent; however birds fed L diets in both periods had poorer feed conversion and higher feed intake than all the other treatments. The only processing difference due to feeding program was an increased proportion of abdominal fat when birds were fed L diets in one of the two periods. It was possible to conclude that Cobb broilers had better feed conversion independently of the feeding program used and that the M ideal protein levels were adequate to support maximum live performance and carcass yields.

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de relações crescentes entre treonina (Thr) e lisina (Lys) digestível em dietas de frangos de corte nas repostas produtivas dos 15 aos 37 dias de idade. Os aumentos dos níveis de treonina das dietas foram obtidos a partir de inclusões crescentes de farelo de soja (FS) ou L-treonina (L-Thr). Foram alojados 1.200 frangos de corte machos Ross x Ross 308 em arranjo fatorial com três relações entre Thr e Lys (63,5, 66,0 e 68,5%) e as duas fontes de Thr supracitadas. Cada um dos seis tratamentos foi constituído por oito repetições de 25 aves. As dietas foram formuladas para garantir o nível mínimo de exigência para os demais nutrientes e energia. Não houve efeito do nível de treonina sobre respostas de desempenho zootécnico, consumo de água, matéria seca da cama, lesões de pododermatite e rendimento de carcaça e cortes. Também não foi observado efeito da fonte de Thr sobre peso corporal, consumo de dieta, matéria seca da cama, lesões de pododermatite, rendimentos de carcaça, filé de peito, coxas e sobrecoxas. Entretanto, a conversão alimentar foi melhor (P=0,009) e o consumo de água maior (P=0,011) quando o aumento em Thr foi originado do FS, enquanto o rendimento de peito foi superior (P=0,035) para as dietas suplementadas com L-Thr. Foi possível identificar uma resposta diferenciada entre fonte e nível de Thr para ganho de peso e CA, demonstrando que, quando a relação entre Thr e Lys foi de 68,5%, existiu uma evidente melhora para as aves recebendo este nível de Thr a partir do FS. As quantidades de aminoácidos (AA) essenciais a partir do quarto AA limitante foram superiores para as dietas com níveis crescentes de FS. Supõe-se que as diferenças obtidas entre as respostas das aves recebendo dietas com o aumento em Thr a partir de L-Thr ou FS tenham sido devidas a desiguais quantidades ou balanceamento de AA essenciais consumidos a partir do quarto AA limitante. A relação entre Thr e Lys digestível de 63,5% é considerada suficiente para maximizar o desempenho de frangos de corte, enquanto que aumentos nos níveis de Thr a partir da inclusão de FS influenciam os resultados provavelmente porque disponibilizam maior quantidade de AA a partir do quarto AA limitante.An experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effects of graded increases in the ratios between digestible threonine (Thr) and lysine (Lys) in the diet on broilers from 15 to 37 days old. The increases on Thr levels were obtained with higher amounts of soybean meal (SBM) or L-threonine (L-Thr) in the diets. One thousand and two hundred Ross x Ross 308 male chicks were placed in a factorial arrangement with the three ratios between Thr and Lys (63.5, 66.0 and 68.5%) and the two sources of Thr previously cited. Each of the six treatments had eight replicates of twenty five birds. The diets were formulated to attain minimum requirement levels of other nutrients and energy. There were no effects of the Thr level on live performance responses, water intake, litter dry matter, foot pad dermatitis, carcass and processing yields. In addition, there were no effects of the source of Thr on body weight, feed intake, litter dry matter, foot pad dermatitis, carcass, breast tenders, thighs and drumsticks yields. However, feed conversion was better (P=0.009) and water intake was higher (P=0.011) when the increase on Thr was originated by SBM, whereas breast meat yield was higher (P=0.035) with diets supplemented with L-Thr. An interaction between level and source of Thr was identified for weight gain and feed conversion demonstrating improvement when birds were fed 68.5% Thr to Lys ratio originated from SBM. Amounts of essential amino acid (AA) quantities after the third limiting AA were greater in the diets with increased SBM. Supposely, differences obtained in broiler responses when fed diets with Thr increased from SBM or L-Thr were related to different amounts or balances in the intake of essential AA. A Thr to Lys ratio of 63.5% was considered sufficient to maximize broiler performance, whereas increases in Thr obtained exclusively from SBM influence the results probably because of higher amounts of AA supplied after the fourth limiting one.

Um experimento foi realizado no Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras com o objetivo principal de avaliar os efeitos de rações com baixos teores de proteína bruta (PB), suplementadas com aminoácidos essenciais e não-essenciais, em características de carcaça e de peso das vísceras de suínos dos 32 aos 57kg de peso. Utilizaram-se 30 suínos divididos em cinco tratamentos, que consistiram de rações contendo diferentes teores de PB (10; 12; 14 e 16% de PB). Foi incluído um quinto tratamento adicionando-se aminoácidos não-essenciais na ração com menor concentração de PB (10+NNE). Após o abate, as vísceras foram retiradas, esvaziadas e pesadas. O consumo de nitrogênio não influenciou (P>0,05) o peso do fígado, do pâncreas, dos rins e do coração. O peso do trato gastrintestinal (TGI) e o somatório dos pesos do TGI e do fígado, dos rins, do pâncreas e do coração foram maiores (POne experiment was conducted in the Animal Science Department of University of Lavras (UFLA) to evaluate the effects of rations with low crude protein, supplemented with essential and non essential amino acids, in carcass characteristics and weight visceral organs of swine of the 32 to the 57kg. Thirty crossbred barrows were divided in five treatments that had consisted of rations with different crude protein (CP) levels (10; 12; 14; and 16%). A fifth treatment added to non essential aminoacid in the ration with less CP level (10+NNE) was included. After it slaughter visceral organs had been removed, emptied and weighed. The nitrogen consumption did not influence (P>0.05) the weight of the liver, pancreas, kidneys and heart. The weight of the total gastrointestinal tract and the weights of the TGI plus organs have been bigger (P

O trabalho foi conduzido no Setor de Avicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria com o objetivo de verificar as respostas de desempenho de frangos de corte, criados com sexos separados, alimentados pelo conceito tradicional (Proteína Bruta - PB) em comparação a dietas formuladas pelo critério de Proteína Ideal (PI), num período de 1 a 42 dias de idade. A análise econômica comparativa entre os dois métodos de alimentação também foi realizada. Foram utilizados 960 pintos de corte de um dia de idade (480 machos, 480 fêmeas) da linhagem ROSS. As dietas experimentais baseadas no conceito de PB foram formuladas segundo as recomendações do NRC (1994) e as dietas formuladas pelo conceito de PI foram adaptadas de HAN & BAKER (1994). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, constituindo 4 tratamentos com 12 repetições de 20 aves cada. Foram estudados os parâmetros: consumo alimentar, ganho de peso e peso corporal, ganho médio diário, conversão alimentar e índice de eficiência nutricional. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os parâmetros estudados foram mais influenciados na fase inicial. As dietas formuladas pelo conceito de PI, baseada no conteúdo de aminoácidos digestíveis (AAD), influenciaram positivamente os parâmetros estudados, proporcionando significativos melhores ganhos de peso e eficiência alimentar, tanto para os machos quanto para as fêmeas nas fases inicial e total, sendo similares nas demais fases. As aves alimentadas com AAD apresentaram uma maior lucratividade nas fases inicial e crescimento. Esses dados permitem concluir que dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja, formuladas para atender às exigências de AAD, proporcionam melhores desempenhos biológico e econômico, em relação àquelas formuladas à base de PB, do primeiro até os 35 dias de idade. A fase final mostrou o contrário, sendo o conceito de PB mais econômico do que a Pl.The study was carried out at the Poultry Section of the Departament of Animal Science at Federal University of Santa Maria, in order to evaluate the performance of broilers grown sexed and fed with diets formulated by the traditional concept (Crude Protein - CP), which is based on total amimo acids (TAA) and fed with the approach of Ideal Protein (IP), which is based on digestible amino acids (DAA), in the period from 1 to 42 days of age. A comparative economic analysis among the two feeding methods was also accomplished. There were 960 chicks (Ross) at the age of 1 day, being 480 males and 480 females. The diet based on the concept of CP was formulated according to the recommendation of NRC (1994) and the diet formulated by the concept of IP was adapted from Han and Baker (1994). The completely randomized experimental design consisted of 4 treatments with 12 replications of 20 chicks each. The feed intake, phase gain, body weight, daily gain, feed conversion and the nutritional efficieny index were evaluated. The results indicated that the parameters studied were more efficient in the initial phase. The diet formulated by the Ideal Protein concept, based on the content of DAA, influenced all parameters studied positively, providing significantly better gain weight and feed efficiency in both male and female chicks in the initial and final phases, being similar in the growing phase. The chicks fed with DAA showed greater profits in the initial phase and during the growth phase. These data allowed the conclusion that diets containing corn and soybean meal as base for the formulated feed provides better biological and economic performance of the broilers when compared to those formulated with crude Protein, from day the first up to 35 days of age. The final phase (35-42) showed the contrary, being the CP concept more economical than IP.

The objective of this research was to determine the nutritional requirement of digestible lysine for white laying hens in old age. Two hundred eighty-eight Hy Line W-36 laying hens at 60 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six levels of digestible lysine (6.0; 6.6; 7.2; 7.8; 8.4 and 9.0g kg-1) and eight replications with six birds per experimental unit. There was linear effect of lysine levels on lysine intake and efficiency of utilization of lysine. For the production and egg mass, the levels of digestible lysine in the diet from which the plateaus occurred were of 6.57g kg-1 and 7.10g kg-1, respectively. There was quadratic effect of lysine levels on yolk weight, with the estimated level of 7.6g kg-1 of digestible lysine. The digestible lysine requirement of white laying hens from 60 to 76 weeks of age is 7.10g kg-1 in diet, corresponding to daily intake of 690mg bird-1 of digestible lysine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]