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http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509810560The experiment aimed to compare the effect of hydrogel use and seasonal planting on the survival and initial growth of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings in western Parana state. Treatments included planting of seedlings from three provenances of physic nut (Pedro J. Caballero, Nova Porteirinha and Janaúba) subjected or not to root immersion in hydrogel (5.0 g L-1) and four planting seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter). The experimental used a randomized block design with five repetitions for each planting season. Ninety after planting, the effect of the polymeric hydrogel was quantified by the percentage of survival while the initial growth used morphometric variables such as the increment in seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and specific leaf area. The results indicated that root immersion in hydrogel increased percentage of seedling survival for the spring planting season in 6.7%. The use of hydrogel did not propitiate the growth increase especially for the winter planting season. However, a larger growth increase was obtained for the spring planting of Pedro J. Caballero and Nova Porteirinha provenances.

O ensaio comparou os efeitos de tubetes de quatro volumes no crescimento de mudas de Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud e Jacaranda micranta Cham. até 180 dias após o plantio (DAP). Foram utilizados tubetes plásticos de seção circular e volume de 55, 120, 180 e 300 cm3 preenchidos com substrato comercial. Os resultados indicaram que, durante a fase de viveiro na qual não fora anotada nenhuma mortalidade, os tubetes menores causaram diminuição da massa seca do sistema radicular e do número de radicelas. O crescimento a campo em altura e diâmetro das mudas das duas espécies utilizadas no ensaio resultou em similaridade estatística entre as originadas de tubetes com volumes de 120, 180 e 300 cm3 ao final de 180 dias após plantio.

Este estudo objetivou quantificar a percepção da arborização urbana da cidade de Mal. Cândido Rondon, Paraná, pelos munícipes residentes. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário a trinta residentes localizados em 53 pontos de amostragem da área urbana do município perfazendo um total de 1.590 entrevistas. Os resultados indicaram que, para 56% da população urbana, a cidade de Mal. Cândido Rondon, assim como a rua de residência do munícipe possuem alguma arborização. Dos entrevistados, 92 % percebem alguma vantagem da presença da arborização sendo que os benefícios relacionados com o conforto térmico foram os mais lembrados. 75% dos entrevistados declararam sua colaboração na manutenção da arborização urbana. A valoração da arborização urbana pelos munícipes rondonenses refletiu-se no fato de que 91% dos entrevistados se declararem propensos a contribuir anualmente com valores entre R$ 1,00 e R$ 5,00 para a sua manutenção.

The objective of this study was to calculate simple allometric equations in order to estimate above and below ground dry biomass from Leucaena leucocephala individuals. Results indicated that biomass components show the following pattern: stem > branches > roots > leaves. Independently from individual size, 24 % of total sampled dry biomass was located below-ground, and 76 % above-ground. Log transformed linear equations using CBH (circumference at breast height) as independent variable was statistically significant (P

O ensaio comparou os efeitos de tubetes de quatro volumes no crescimento de mudas de Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud e Jacaranda micranta Cham. até 180 dias após o plantio (DAP). Foram utilizados tubetes plásticos de seção circular e volume de 55, 120, 180 e 300 cm3 preenchidos com substrato comercial. Os resultados indicaram que, durante a fase de viveiro na qual não fora anotada nenhuma mortalidade, os tubetes menores causaram diminuição da massa seca do sistema radicular e do número de radicelas. O crescimento a campo em altura e diâmetro das mudas das duas espécies utilizadas no ensaio resultou em similaridade estatística entre as originadas de tubetes com volumes de 120, 180 e 300 cm3 ao final de 180 dias após plantio.

Este estudo objetivou quantificar a percepção da arborização urbana da cidade de Mal. Cândido Rondon, Paraná, pelos munícipes residentes. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário a trinta residentes localizados em 53 pontos de amostragem da área urbana do município perfazendo um total de 1.590 entrevistas. Os resultados indicaram que, para 56% da população urbana, a cidade de Mal. Cândido Rondon, assim como a rua de residência do munícipe possuem alguma arborização. Dos entrevistados, 92 % percebem alguma vantagem da presença da arborização sendo que os benefícios relacionados com o conforto térmico foram os mais lembrados. 75% dos entrevistados declararam sua colaboração na manutenção da arborização urbana. A valoração da arborização urbana pelos munícipes rondonenses refletiu-se no fato de que 91% dos entrevistados se declararem propensos a contribuir anualmente com valores entre R$ 1,00 e R$ 5,00 para a sua manutenção.

The study objective was to evaluate the effects of light intensities upon the initial development of Leucaena leucocephala seedlings. The study was conducted inside a preservation area around a drinking water well used to supply Marechal Cândido Rondon residents from September 11th to November 20th, 2007. The seeds collected from mature leucaena trees located on an adjacent county (Toledo) went through break dormancy in vases, in water at 80 Celsius degrees and sown by using 10 units per vase. The vases were distributed in the area obeying an entirely randomized design with 13 light intensities (treatments) and 10 replications (vases), adding up to 130 vases. Five and two seedlings per vase were left after thinning executed 10 and 20 days after the sowing, respectively. Sixty days after the sowing, the seedlings were collected for the measurements of the stem diameter, the plant height, the number and area of leaves as well as the root, the stem and the leaf biomasses. Results indicated that there is a polynomial relationship of the fourth order between biometric parameters and light intensity; the highest significances were calculated for intensities of 643 and 2273 Lux indicating that leucaena can be considered pioneering and tolerant to direct sunlight.

If climate change proceeds as predicted, plant stock well matched under current climate will be growing in sub-optimal conditions. Forest restoration projects should be based on scientific knowledge especially under climate change. Revegetation with native species is identified as a partial solution for many landscape and biodiversity problems linked to restoration. Plant material can be either sourced locally or from more distant locations within the species range. In the recent decades, genetic material for revegetation projects has been quite often collected locally. However, seed sourcing for ecological restoration is a highly complex issue. Plants that are locally adapted now may not be locally adapted in the future. Adaptation strategies resulting from climate change may not always be possible through a simple shift of seed sources along environmental gradients. Restoration by establishing tree populations genetically diverse and appropriate to ecosystem stability has not been frequently evaluated. This review intends to assess the relevant aspects of tree seed sourcing for future restoration projects. We searched peer-reviewed articles dealing with seeds from tree species published during the last two decades, regardless of continents.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of the indolbutiric acid and α-naphthalene acetic acid on the rooting of semi-woody cuttings, collected from the sprout of Cordia trichotoma seedlings. Seedlings were produced by seeds constituting a miniclonal garden with subsequent pruning of the aerial part. Sprouts were harvested resulting in semi-woody cuttings with 12.0 cm long and 5.5 mm in diameter and a pair of leaves in the apical portion reduced in a half. The treatments consisted of fast immersion of the cuttings base in indolbutiric acid (IBA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in concentrations of 0, 2.000, 4.000, 6.000, 8.000 mg L-1 in a randomized block design with bifactorial arrangement 2 x 5. After 60 days of cutting, rooting percentage, roots number and length, sprouting percentage, the number of shoots and new leaves were evaluated as well as the survival and mortality. The phytoregulator IBA at a concentration of 8.000 mg L-1 promoted greater rooting, resulting in 28.9% of the cutting rootings, and greater number of roots per cutting. For the NAA, there was no significant effect on rooting. The increasing concentration of phytoregulators linearly reduced the emission of new leaves and shoots, and increased linearly cutting mortality, negatively affecting the components of the shoot of semi-woody cuttings of Cordia trichotoma.

The present study aimed to quantify morphological changes due to mechanical stimuli by stem bending in the hardening phase of ‘espinheira-santa’ [ Maytenus ilicifolia [(Schrad.) Planch.] seedlings. The experiment was conducted at shade house as a completely randomized factorial design (2 x 5) formed by seedlings of two height classes and five stem bending intensities (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40) performed daily for thirty days, with four replicates of ten seedlings. The effect of mechanical stimuli was quantified by the increments in height, stem diameter as well as root and shoot biomass to calculate the absolute growth rate. In addition, root electrolyte leakage was measured. The data was submitted to regression analysis at 5%. The results indicated that increasing the frequency of stem bending induced a reduction in height increment, electrolyte leakage from root tissues and an increase in stem diameter increment and root biomass in seedlings classified by height. The shoot biomass of seedlings with larger dimensions increased a frequency of 20 stem bending even with the linear reduction in seedling height, and consequently increased growth rate. Mechanical stimulus is an option to promote morphological changes in Maytenus ilicifolia seedlings which increases hardiness and seedlings quality for out planting.

The experiment aimed to compare the effect of hydrogel use and seasonal planting on the survival and initial growth of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings in western Parana state. Treatments included planting of seedlings from three provenances of physic nut (Pedro J. Caballero, Nova Porteirinha and Janaúba) subjected or not to root immersion in hydrogel (5.0 g L-1) and four planting seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter). The experimental used a randomized block design with five repetitions for each planting season. Ninety after planting, the effect of the polymeric hydrogel was quantified by the percentage of survival while the initial growth used morphometric variables such as the increment in seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and specific leaf area. The results indicated that root immersion in hydrogel increased percentage of seedling survival for the spring planting season in 6.7%. The use of hydrogel did not propitiate the growth increase especially for the winter planting season. However, a larger growth increase was obtained for the spring planting of Pedro J. Caballero and Nova Porteirinha provenances.

The study objective was to evaluate the effects of light intensities upon the initial development of Leucaena leucocephala seedlings. The study was conducted inside a preservation area around a drinking water well used to supply Marechal Cândido Rondon residents from September 11th to November 20th, 2007. The seeds collected from mature leucaena trees located on an adjacent county (Toledo) went through break dormancy in vases, in water at 80 Celsius degrees and sown by using 10 units per vase. The vases were distributed in the area obeying an entirely randomized design with 13 light intensities (treatments) and 10 replications (vases), adding up to 130 vases. Five and two seedlings per vase were left after thinning executed 10 and 20 days after the sowing, respectively. Sixty days after the sowing, the seedlings were collected for the measurements of the stem diameter, the plant height, the number and area of leaves as well as the root, the stem and the leaf biomasses. Results indicated that there is a polynomial relationship of the fourth order between biometric parameters and light intensity; the highest significances were calculated for intensities of 643 and 2273 Lux indicating that leucaena can be considered pioneering and tolerant to direct sunlight.