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Most genetic diseases affect purebred animals and are inherited as recessive genes. Cranioschisis refers to dysraphism, which occurs in the midline of the skull due to failure to close the cranial symphysis, which can lead to herniation of the meninges filled with cerebrospinal fluid (meningocele), where there is usually a projection of the meningeal tissue. Diagnosis is performed based on clinical examination, characteristic anatomopathological data, and complementary imaging tests. The surgical approach for correction of cranioschisis is the only described as a therapeutic solution and is indicated in cases in which the cranial synthesis defect does not allow for brain protrusion and there is only the occurrence of meningocele, in addition to the absence of severe signs of neurological alteration. This paper reports a case of the use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plaque to treat cranioschisis associated with meningocele in a Girolando heifer. The surgical opening of the frontonasal sacculation allowed draining a total liquid content of 488 mL, inspection, and suture of the envelope membrane. APMMA plaque, molded to the bone surface and anchored in the adjacent soft tissue, was used to cover the evidenced frontonasal bone opening. Despite the unfavorable prognosis of the disease, the cranioplasty surgery for the treatment of cranioschisis associated with meningocele using PMMA plaque obtained satisfactory results relative to the quality and maintenance of this animal’s life, evaluated at 19 months postoperatively.

Shellfish gathering is an artisanal activity and a means of family subsistence for several coastal communities along the Brazilian coast and Anomalocardia brasiliana is one of the main exploited mollusk species. This paper aimed to obtain information about the temporal distribution, growth, yield, and gonadosomatic index of the bivalve mollusk A. brasiliana in a natural stock to provide subsidies for the sustainable extraction of this resource. The study was carried out in an area of the Acaraú River estuary, on Volta do Rio Beach, municipality of Acaraú, Ceará, Brazil. Samples were collected monthly for one year at spring low tide, using the random squares method. Water and sediment temperature and salinity were measured in situ. Sediment samples were collected for granulometric analysis. The specimens were individually quantified, measured, and weighed. A total of 8,507 A. brasiliana specimens were sampled, and the highest density recorded was 2,534 individuals/m2, whose longest shell length reached between 21 and 25 mm, while the mean meat yield was 12.42%. The means of biometric variables of individuals showed significant differences during the sample period. Frequency histograms evidenced the presence of adult and juvenile individuals, showing a continuous reproductive cycle in the studied natural stock. These results can assist the sustainable shellfish gathering activity on Volta do Rio Beach. We recommend that A. brasiliana is above 20 mm in length to be captured and the reduction in the capture effort from April to September, when the highest density of juveniles was observed, to guarantee the sustainability of this stock. Resumo A mariscagem é uma atividade artesanal e meio de subsistência familiar de diversas comunidades litorâneas ao longo da costa brasileira, sendo Anomalocardia brasiliana uma das principais espécies de molusco exploradas. Esse trabalho objetivou obter informações sobre a distribuição temporal, crescimento, rendimento e o índice gonadossomático do molusco bivalve A. brasiliana em um estoque natural a fim de fornecer subsídios para a extração sustentável deste recurso. O estudo foi realizado em uma área do estuário do rio Acaraú, na Praia Volta do Rio, município de Acaraú, Ceará, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente durante um ano na maré baixa de sizígia, utilizando o método dos quadrados aleatórios. A temperatura da água, do sedimento e a salinidade foram aferidas in situ. Foram coletadas amostras de sedimento para análise granulométrica. Os espécimes foram quantificados, mensurados e pesados individualmente. Foram amostrados um total de 8.507 exemplares de A. brasiliana, a maior densidade registrada teve 2.534 indivíduos/m2, aqueles com maior comprimento de concha tinham entre 21 e 25 mm, o rendimento da carne apresentou um valor médio de 12,42%. As médias das variáveis biométricas dos indivíduos apresentaram diferenças significativas durante o período amostral. Os histogramas de frequência evidenciaram a presença de indivíduos adultos e juvenis, indicando um ciclo reprodutivo contínuo no estoque natural estudado. Estes resultados auxiliarão no exercício da mariscagem sustentável na praia da Volta do Rio. Recomenda-se a captura de A. brasiliana com comprimento acima de 20 mm e a redução do esforço de captura nos meses de abril a setembro, período em que foi observada a maior densidade de juvenis, a fim de garantir a sustentabilidade desse estoque.

The present paper aimed at evaluating the effect of adding beneficial micro-organisms to the litters on litter quality, performance and carcass yield for broilers. A total of 240 one-day chicks were used, and randomly distributed in blocks with four treatments and four replications. The following treatments were carried out in the housing: Treatment 1 – Control with weekly spraying of water on the litters; Treatment 2 – Litter treated with a mixture of inoculated and fermented meal by micro-organisms and weekly spraying of water; Treatment 3 – Litter treated by weekly spraying of micro-organisms; Treatment 4 – Litter treated with the same mixture of meals from treatment two and weekly spraying of micro-organisms. Performance was evaluated by the feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, viability and carcass, breast and leg yield. From litter samples, pH, dry matter, ashes and nitrogen were evaluated. No differences were found among the treatments. In the conditions the animals were raised, it can be concluded that the treatment on the litter does not affect performance, carcass yield and quality of the litter for broilers. KEYWORDS: feed conversion; Gallus gallus ; litter pH; probiotic.

The purpose of this paper was to describe the following reproductive parameters observed in mares of the Morgan breed: pregnancy rate (TP), foal rate (CP), average length of the gestation (DG), age at the first parturition (IPP), age (ID), interval from parturition to first service (IPPC) and interval from parturition to conception (IPC), foaling interval (IEP), number of cycles per conception (NC) and services per conception (NS), embryo mortality rate (ME), abortion (A), month of the conception and parturition. Data was obtained from 42 mares in 14 years. Values obtained were: TP 71%; ME 6.2%; A 2.4%; DG 340.2 days; IPP 4.5 years; ID 7.6 years; IPPC 19.0 days; IPC 27.2 days; IEP 374.0 days; NC 1.2 and NS 3.0. The frequency of utilization of the foal heat was 76.1%. The distribution of mating and parturition, in the breeding season, was concentrated in the months of September to December (78.9 and 87.1%, respectively). These data may be useful to genetic improvement of the breed as well as to indicate areas in which research must concentrate for a more profitable husbandry. KEYWORDS: fertility; horses; Morgan; reproduction.

The aim of this paper was to evaluate microbiological characteristics of meat products produced under federal inspection by industries in the State of Parana (Brazil), following Brazilian regulations. According to the type of meat product, quantification of nitrite and starch was also determined. All samples were collected at the plant and all analysis were carried out according to the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply´s recommendations. From 131 samples analyzed, five (3.82%) were contaminated by Salmonella sp. and three (2.3%) presented fecal coliforms. The other samples were legally acceptable. Frankfurters showed starch levels ranging from 1.71% to 10.28%. In bologna, this variation ranged from 3.01% to 16.5%. Residual nitrite levels in all products ranged from 3.7 mg/kg to 293.10 mg/kg. An amount of 23 samples (18.4%) had residual nitrite levels higher than legal limits, with a medium level of 395.91 mg/kg. The results found suggest that, although the analyzed samples present good sanitary quality, some producers need to be more carefully inspected, in order to attend Brazilian regulations for meat products. KEYWORDS: inspection; meat; meat products; nitrite; quality; starch.

The activity of the insecticide thiamethoxam on populations of Musca domestica was assessed through in vitro tests, controlled environment and field conditions. The flies were gathered from a colony maintained by the Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, and from the landfill of the city of Seropedica-RJ, Brazil. Regarding the in vitro assay, thiamethoxan was previously diluted in acetone, resulting in concentrations of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27, 5 and 30 mg/ml. Then, filter paper discs were impregnated with 1 ml of each of these dilutions. Thus, the test was conducted with adult flies maintained in Petri dishes. For the controlled environment and field conditions, trial baits were used with the active or a placebo (control group). The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of thiamethoxam on M. domestica found in the in vitro assay was 0.2612 mg / cm ². The efficacy of thiamethoxan baits on the controlled environment and field conditions trials was 94.06 % and 98.09 %, respectively. KEYWORDS: Baits, Musca domestica, neonicotinoids, thiamethoxam.

The present work aimed to investigate, in vitro, the efficacy of the honey of Tetragonisca angustula, against the microorganisms found in the auditory canal inflammations of dogs. The samples were collected through a sterile swab of secretion of the auditory canal of dogs with clinical otitis. The material was fixed in glass slide by performing the smear, Gram stained, and submitted to microscopic identification. The samples were inoculated in Tryptone Soya Broth culture media and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. After verifying that there was growth, the samples were cultured in Petri’s plates containing Chapman, Levine and Mueller-Hinton, and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Filter paper discs were adapted, sterilized in autoclave and embedded in honey for the antibiogram. The disks impregnated with honey were placed in Petri’s plates containing the contamined material and again incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. This experiment verified the formation of inhibition halos in the antibiograma with the honey of the Tetragonisca angustula, showing to be effective in the control of Staphylococcus sp, Bacillus sp and yeasts. KEYWORDS: Honey, otitis, treatment, Tetragonisca angustula.

The distal third of the radius and ulna is the most prevalent site in traumatic processes of thoracic limbs in dogs. Especially in miniature breeds, fractures on the distal third of the radius and ulna are frequently associated with complications such as lack of bone union or delayed union at the fracture focus. The purpose of this paper was to assess the use of semitubular titanium plates with clamps specially developed for treating radial and ulnar fractures in miniature dog breeds. In a 14-month period, 15 animals were seen with radial and ulnar fracture, which had had a plate implant and afterwards were assessed by means of a clinical and radiological examination every 30 days. The animals recovered the function of their operated limbs between 4 and 7 days after the surgery. By X-ray examination, bone consolidation was observed in all dogs in less than 90 days. Post-op complications occurred in two cases: rotation of the distal bone fragment after loss of function of distal screws in one dog, and in another, exposure of distal end of plate, which had to be removed. The use of the plate with clamps is an effective technique to correct this type of fracture. KEYWORDS: Dog, ortopaedic, osteosynthesis, semitubular plates with clamps, semitubular titanium plates with clamps.