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Visceral Leishmaniasis is a multi-organic parasitic disease caused by an intracellular protozoon named Leishmania Donovani; the mean signs are: weight loss, cough, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, adenopathy and cutaneous lesions; death without treatment is the rule. The main treatment is a conservative one. Surgical treatment is necessary for complications, especially for those intra-abdominally. We wish to present a young female patient who underwent two subsequent interventions due to an unclear diagnosis. We emphasize the difficulties in achieving a certain diagnostic, because of the rarity of disease in Romania; there are also revealed surgical aspects, which are important because of very few available data in the literature.

The onset for rectal cancer is often revealed by one of its complications. With lower frequency, for the rectum below peritoneal reflexion, the perforative-suppurative onset is possible. We wish to expose a 64 years old woman's case, presenting with Fournier's gangrene as a unique sign of a lower rectal adenocarcinoma. Diabetes mellitus determined the extension of infectious process to its ultimate form, and the poor postoperative evolution, leading to death as well. The need for rectal examination is obvious in perianal abscesses, even in absence of malignant signs.