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A problem of petroleum energy crisis will probably be faced in the late 21st century. It is impossible to discover the giant oil fields again based on the traditional knowledge and theory of petroleum geology. From the global development point of view as well as the situation in China, the five choices of energy source in the future are to (i) extend the field of exploration in conventional petroleum and natural gas source, and exploit oil-gas source in ocean and some basins of northwestern China; (ii) discover unconventional oil and natural gas source: abiogenic gas, deep oil and gas, gas hydrates, coal bed gas and so on; (iii) develop techniques of cleansing, gasifying and liquefying coal for highly effective utilization, and transform coal into electricity and at the same time pay attention to the environment protection and pollution control as well; (iv) carry out researches on the theory and technology of producing and storing hydrogen in order to seek for its effective and economical utilization; (v) pay attention to and carry out the research in advance on exploiting the source of3He isotope on the moon and using the D-3He controlled nuclear fusion as fuel.

The carbon isotopic composition of CO2, CO and CH4, extracted by pyrolysis from spinel lherzolite and black pyroxenolite xenoliths in alkali basalt from Damaping has been measured with GC-MS. The results show that, at heating temperatures from 400 to 1 140°C, the δ13C of CO2 and CO is −22‰–−27‰, and that of CH4 −30‰–−50‰ The data imply that the magma which was generated in the upper mantle by partial melting in the area has experienced the multistage degassing process, and the δ13C values represent the carbon isotopic composition of CO2, CO and CH4 remaining in it, respectively.

The isotopic cumpositions of helium have been investigated in hot spring gases sampled from the Liaodong Peninsula. China. The3He/4He ratios range from 0.14 Ra (0.14 times the atmospheric3He/4He ratio of 1.40 × 10-6 to 0.72 Ra.3He/4He versus4He/20Ne ratios and He contents suggest that a small amount of mantle-derived helium reaches the earth’s surface. Helium iwtope ratios of the hot spring gases show a distribution pattern similar to the regional heat flow values, indicating that the positive thermal anomaly occurring in the rtrea is closely associated with the presence of mantle-derived helium. The observations described above provide some significant evidence that the molten magma originating from partial melting of the upper mantle may have intruded into the continental crust along the activity fault. The coupling of the presence of mantle He and heat flow anomalies to seismic activity in studied region seem to imply that there is an internal relationship between mantle degassing and seismic activity.

This note has described a new method to determine the thermodynamic parameters of relaxation process. Thermodynamic parameters of water relaxation were calculated. Errors of the results were discussed in detail. From the discussion, we know that the errors of the results with this method are much smaller than those with previous methods. However, this method can be applied to other liquids. With the development of instrument with high precision, more precise results are expected.