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A completely different formulation for simulation of the high order Laue zone (HOLZ) diffractions is derived. It refers to the new method, i.e. the Taylor series (TS) method. To check the validity and accuracy of the TS method, we take polyvinglidene fluoride (PVDF) crystal as an example to calculate the exit wavefunction by the conventional multi-slice (CMS) method and the TS method. The calculated results show that the TS method is much more accurate than the CMS method and is independent of the slice thicknesses. Moreover, the pure first order Laue zone wavefunction by the TS method can reflect the major potential distribution of the first reciprocal plane.

A three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of icosahedral virus is carried out by the icosahedral symmetry-adapted function (ISAF) method in spherical coordinates. In order to reduce the influence of noise, it is better to use the basis functions that have identical symmetry with the object reconstructed. It is verified that the ISAF method has stronger ability to reduce the influence of noise to grain the resolution better than that of the conventional method by the simulation of 3D reconstruction.

We develop the multi-slice method for calculating wavefunction of a crystal consisting of atomic columns. The new method reduces numerical calculation from two dimensions to one dimension and is much faster than that of the traditional multi-slice method. The calculated result by the one-dimensional method is in agreement with that of the traditional one.

Off-axis electron holography in a field-emission-gun transmission electron microscope and electron dynamic simulation is used to determine the mean inner potential of copper. The phase shift of object wave versus specimen thickness is calculated up to 30 nm using electron dynamic formula, and the sample thickness is decided by match of the experimental and calculated phase shift. Based on the measured phase shift, the calculated mean inner potential of Cu is 21.2 V, which agrees with the reported values within the experimental error.

In order to reduce the reset current of chalcogenide random access memory, a W sub-microtube heater electrode with outer/inner diameter of 260/100 nm, which was fabricated with standard 0.18-μm technology, is proposed for the first time to achieve a reset current of about 0.5 mA. The reasons may be that sub-microtube increases the number of electrode edge and thermal efficiency is improved greatly because the thermal density on the edge of sub-microtube electrode is generally the highest.

A damascene structure of phase change memory (PCM) is fabricated successfully with the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method, and the CMP of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and Ti films is investigated. The polished surface of wafer is analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The measurements show that the damascene device structure of phase change memory is achieved by the CMP process. After the top electrode is deposited, dc sweeping test on PCM reveals that the phase change can be observed. The threshold current of array cells varies between 0.90 mA and 1.15 mA.

The electronic spectra of one-dimensional nanostructured systems are calculated within the pure hopping model on the tight-binding Hamiltonian. By means of the renormalization group Green's function method, the dependence of the density of states on the distributions of nanoscaled grains and the changes of values of hopping integrals in nanostructured systems are studied. It is found that the frequency shifts are dependent rather on the changes of the hopping integrals at nanoscaled grains than the distribution of nanoscaled grains.

Off-axis electron holography in a field emission gun transmission-electron microscope and electron dynamic calculation are used to determine the absorption coefficient and inelastic mean free path (IMFP) of copper. Dependence of the phase shift of the exit electron wave on the specimen thickness is established by electron dynamic simulation. The established relationship makes it possible to determine the specimen thickness with the calculated phase shift by match of the phase shift measured in the reconstructed phase image. Based on the measured amplitudes in reconstructed exit electron wave and reference wave in the vacuum, the examined IMFP of electron with energy of 200 kV in Cu is obtained to be 96 nm.

A method of transmission-electron microscopy for accurate measurement of specimen thickness has been proposed based on off-axis electron holography along with the dynamic electron diffraction simulation. The phase shift of the exit object wave with respect to the reference wave in vacuum, resulting from the scattering within the specimen, has been simulated versus the specimen thickness by the dynamic electron diffraction formula. Off-axis electron holography in a field emission gun transmission-electron microscope has been used to determine the phase shift of the exit wave. The specimen thickness can be obtained by match of the experimental and simulated phase shift. Based on the measured phase shift of the [110] oriented copper foil, the thickness can be determined at a good level of accuracy with an error less than ~10%.

Alfven resonance in high beta plasmas is studied with a five-field model based on the two-fluid theory. The mode conversion and low frequency oblique whistler wave generation are found in the resonance layer. Properties of wave propagation, polarity, and interaction with charged particles are also investigated.

Band interaction between the chiral doublet bands based on πh11/2 ⊗ vh−111/2 configuration is investigated in the particle rotor model with different triaxial deformation γ. The variation of chiral partner states with γ values is understood qualitatively based on the basic picture of two interaction levels, which is confirmed further by the calculated overlap integral of wave functions at different γ values. It is found that the interaction strengths of chiral partner states are obviously different for odd spins and even ones.

We propose a modified formula which is used to determine the coupling parameter.. in the Hamiltonian of the single-j shell. In comparison with the previously known formula, the new formula improves the agreement between the intruder single-j levels and the Nilsson ones. For studies of chiral bands within the particle rotor model, the new coupling parameter will considerably influence the energy splitting between the doublet bands.