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We investigate the applicability of the independent atom model JAM) to elastic electron scattering from complex polyatomic molecules, namely C4H10 and C6H6, in the energy range 100-1000eV. The cross sections of the elastic electron scattering are calculated by employing the JAM together with the relativistic partial waves. The incorporation of both the modified absorption potential and the extended structural factor in the JAM makes the elastic differential cross sections and momentum transfer cross sections have a good agreement with the available experimental data. The present simple model seems to be insensitive to the complexity of the target molecules so that the proposed procedure can be quite useful for calculation of electron scattering from bio-molecules.

A sequential decay model is used to study isoscaling, i.e. the factorization of the isotope ratios from sources of different isospins and sizes over a broad range of excitation energies, into fugacity terms of proton and neutron number, R21(N,Z) = Y2(N,Z)/Y1(N,Z) = Ce(αN+βZ). It is found that the isoscaling parameters α and β have a strong dependence on the isospin difference of equilibrated source and excitation energy, no significant influence of the source size on α and β has been observed. It is found that α and β decrease with the excitation energy and are linear functions of 1/T and Δ(Z/A)2 or Δ(N/A)2 of the sources. Symmetry energy coefficient Csym is constrained from the relationship of α and source Δ(Z/A)2, β and source Δ(N/A)2.

Distribution of the parallel momentum of $^{28}$Si fragments from the breakup of 30.7 MeV/nucleon $^{29}$P has been measured on C targets. The distribution has the FWHM with the value of 110.5 $\pm$ 23.5 MeV/c which is consistent quantitatively with Galuber model calculation assuming by a valence proton in $^{29}$P. The density distribution is also predicted by Skyrme-Hartree-Fock calculation. Results show that there might exist the proton-skin structure in $^{29}$P., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

A candidate for proton halo nucleus 23Al is investigated based on the constrained calculations in the framework of the deformed relativistic mean field (RMF) model with the NL075 parameter set. It is shown by the constrained calculations that the ground state of 23Al has a large deformation that corresponds to the prolate shape. With that large deformation, the non-constrained RMF calculation predicts that there appears an inversion between the 2s1/2 [211] and 1d5/2 [202] shells. The valence proton of 23Al is weakly bound and occupies 2s1/2 [211] and 1d5/2 [202] with the weights of 56% and 29%, respectively. The calculated RMS radius for matter is in agreement with the experimental one. It is also predicted that the difference between the proton RMS radius and the neutron one is very large. This suggests that there exists a proton halo in 23Al.

Two independent excitation function measurements have been performed in the reaction system of 19F+93Nb using two target foils of the same nominal thickness. We measured the dissipative reaction products at incident energies of 102 through 108 MeV with a step of 250 keV. The variance of energy autocorrelation functions of the reaction products was found to be three times of that originated from the randomized counting rates. By analysing the probability distributions of the deviations in the measured cross sections, we found that about 20% of all the deviations exceeds three standard deviations. This indicates that the non-reproducibility of the cross sections in the two independent measurements is of a statistical significance but not originated from randomized fluctuation of counting rates.

Two independent measurements of cross sections for the 19F+93Nb dissipative heavy ion collisions have been performed at incident energies from 100 to 108 MeV in steps of 250 keV. In the two measurements, two independently prepared targets were used. All other experimental conditions were identical in both experiments. The data indicate that non-reproducibility of the non-self-averaging oscillation is yielded in the two measurements. This supports the recent theoretical predictions of spontaneous coherence, slow phase randomization and extreme sensitivity in highly excited complex quantum systems.

By placing a hole blocking layer between the polymer and the metallic electrode, we have achieved improved efficiencies for blue electroluminescent devices fabricated with poly (N-vinylcarbazole) doped with 1, 1, 4, 4, -tetraphenyl-1, 3-butadiene as the emitter layer and with aluminum and indium/tin-oxide as the electron and hole injecting electrodes. This bilayer device yields bright blue emission having intensity of 300 cd/m2, in same case the devices without hole blocking layer have luminance of only 44 cd/m2.

The bilayer heterojunction devices were fabricated successfully by using a novel oxadiazole derivative: 2, 2'-(2,5-thiophenediyl) bis (5-(4-methyl) phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (T-OXD) as the electron-transporting layer (ETL) and a pyrazoline derivative:1-phenyl-3-(dimethylamino)styryl-5-(p-(dimethylamino) phenyl)pyrazoline (PDP) as the light-emitting layer and the hole-transporting layer. The emission at 500 nm was derived from PDP layer. In comparison with the bilayer device of tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq) as the ETL, the luminous efficiency of the PDP/T-OXD heterojunction device was enhanced by 104 times.

The polymer electroluminescence (EL) device with PBD as carriers confinement layer yields bright blue emission having intensity of 300 cd/m2, in same case the device without PBD layer have luminance only 44 cd/m2. The effect of PBD layer on EL characteristic was studied. The results show that only in EL devices with PBD thickness over 30 nm, the holes are completely confined in emitting layer. The luminance over 2000 cd/m2 can be obtained by inserting an electron injecting layer between the negative electrode and PBD to increase the electron injection.