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To observe the influence of glucose on the expression of glucose transporters (GluTs) in peritoneal tissues.Mesothelial cells (MsCs) from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were cultured in medium with glucose 214.4 mmol/L or 75.5 mmol/L. The normal medium with glucose 17.5 mmol/L was used as control. Total RNA was extracted from each sample after 24 hours incubation. Reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed with primers corresponding to sodium-glucose transporter (SGIT1) and GluT1-GluT4. mRNA expression of the above GluTs from each sample was measured with quantitative PCR.GluT1 and GluT2 mRNA can be detected in MsCs from SD rats, while no positive bands can be found specifically for GluT3, GluT4 and SGiT1. Quantitating the amount of PCR products indicated that the levels of GluT1 mRNA in MsCs cultured 24 h in both 214.4 mmol/L glucose and 75.5 mmol/L glucose medium decreased dramatically compared with that in normal medium (Por = 0.01). While under the same conditions, the levels of GluT2 mRNA in MsCs cultured 24 h in 214.4 mmol/L and 75.5 mmol/L glucose medium both increased significantly (P0.01).GluT1 is strongly expressed in MsCs under normal glucose levels and decreased dramatically under high glucose conditions, while GluT2 expressed at a low level in normal medium and increased greatly after incubation in high glucose conditions. This may play a great role in glucose absorption during peritoneal dialysis and have some connection with ultrafiltration failure due to the alteration of glucose absorption after long-term dialysis.

To assess the effectiveness of artificial liver support system (ALSS) treatment in patients with hepatic failure.235 cases of hepatic failure were treated with ALSS in our hospital. All data were analyzed by SPSS. The effectiveness of ALSS treatment was compared according to different stages (i.e., early, middle and end stages).108 patients survived after therapy of ALSS. After each ALSS treatment, the liver function of these patients was greatly improved, the serum endotoxin and HBV-DNA concentrations were significantly decreased, and the serum concentration of aromatic amino acids (AAA) such as methionine decreased while the ratio of branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids (BCAA/AAA ratio) increased; patients treated with ALSS in the early or middle stages of disease had much higher survival rates than patients in the end stage of disease.ALSS is a reliable therapy for advanced liver diseases and treatment at early or middle stages is appropriate.

To investigate the relationship between spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) and left atrial appendage (LAA) blood flow velocity using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV) in patients with atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm.Thirty-five patients (21 in sinus rhythm and 14 in atrial fibrillation) with rheumatic mitral stenosis underwent PBMV with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography monitoring. We measured LAA blood flow velocities and observed the left atrium for various grades of SEC (from 0 = none to 4 = severe), before and after each balloon inflation.Left atrial appendage maximal emptying velocity (LAA MEV) was reduced from 35 +/- 14 cm/s to 6 +/- 2 cm/s at peak balloon inflation and increased to 40 +/- 16 cm/s after balloon deflation. Comparison of the values before balloon inflation and after balloon deflation showed that LAA velocities were significantly lower (P0.001). During balloon inflation, both maximal emptying velocity (MEV) and maximal filling velocity (MFV) were significantly decreased, compared to those before inflation and after balloon deflation (P0.01). And both MEV and MFV were significantly higher after balloon deflation relative to those before balloon inflation. Patients with atrial fibrillation had significantly lower MEV and MFV before and during balloon inflation and after balloon deflation than patients with sinus rhythm. At peak balloon inflation, new or increased SEC grades were observed during 54 of 61 (88%) inflations and unchanged during 7 (12%) inflations. SEC grades were reduced after 55 balloon deflations (90%), completely disappeared after 18 deflations (30%) and remained unchanged after 6 deflations (10%). At peak balloon inflation, left atrium spontaneous echo contrast (LASEC) grade 4 was observed during 14 of 27 (93%) inflations in the atrial fibrillation patients, significantly higher than in patients with sinus rhythm (8 of 34, 24%; P0.05). LASEC completely disappeared after 16 of 34 deflations (47%) in the patients with sinus rhythm, significantly higher than in the atrial fibrillation patients (2 of 27 deflations; P0.01). The mean time to achieve maximal SEC grade (2.5 +/- 1.2 s) correlated with the mean time to trough LAA velocities (2.3 +/- 1.1 s) after balloon inflation. Both the time to lowest LAA velocity and the time to highest LASEC were significantly longer in the patients with sinus rhythm than in the atrial fibrillation patients (2.6 +/- 1.1 s vs 1.7 +/- 1.0 s, P0.05 and 2.8 +/- 1.4 s vs 1.9 +/- 1.3 s, P0.05, respectively). Upon deflation, the mean time to lowest SEC grade (2.9 +/- 1.8 s) correlated with the mean time to achieve maximal LAA velocities (2.7 +/- 1.6 s). Both intervals are significantly shorter in the patients with sinus rhythm than in the atrial fibrillation patients (2.0 +/- 1.6 s vs 3.5 +/- 1.5 s, P0.01 and 2.2 +/- 1.7 s vs 3.6 +/- 1.6 s, P0.05).Reducing the blood flow velocity in the human left atrium by balloon occlusion of the mitral valve may enhance SEC, whereas restoring blood flow after balloon deflation would cause enhanced echogenic blood to disappear or decrease in both groups of patients. Patients with atrial fibrillation demonstrate more severe blood stagnation of the left atrial body and appendage during transient balloon inflation at mitral valve orifice and slower recovery from the stagnation, decreasing to a lesser extent after balloon deflation, when compared to patients with sinus rhythm.

To detect the location and geographical features of gene mutation of the cancer based on 30,709 clinical tumor biopsies.Thirty thousand seven hundred and nine cases of tumor biopsy materials were collected from the Department of Pathology of Nantong Cancer Hospital between June 1974 and December 1987. The address of the village and county of patients was collected and statistical analysis was performed on data from lab examination. DNA sequencing of 31 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was performed at the Department of Pathology of the Medical College of Tokyo University, Japan.The data suggested that different carcinomas occurred predominantly in some districts and the frequency and type of mutation of the P53 gene in the HCC were different in different districts.It seems that based on the clinical biopsy materials, carcinomas of the uterus cervix (CC) and nasopharynx tend to occur in some districts of Nantong City and the frequency and type of mutation of the gene P53 of the HCC were different in different districts. The reason for this is not understood and further study will be done.

To determine the effect of thinking on intracranial blood flow velocities.Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was used to measure the blood flow velocities of the cerebral arteries, when 10 normal persons were at rest and during thinking.The mean flow velocities (MFVs) of the cerebral arteries during thinking were significantly higher than those at rest, especially in the MCA and ACA. The MFVs were raised from between 10.3% to 14.3%.Thinking can increase the blood flow velocities of cerebral arteries significantly.

The serum IgG subclass concentrations in 47 cases and specific IgG subclass antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharides (PnPs) were measured in 18 cases with iron deficiency. IgG subclass deficiencies were found in 28 (59.6%) cases with the frequency in order as IgG4 (27.7%, 13/47), IgG1 (21.3%, 10/47), IgG3 (14.9%, 7/47), and IgG2 (2.1%, 1/47). Compared with age-matched healthy children, the mean concentration of serum IgG4 and IgG1, and PnPs specific IgG1, IgG2 antibodies were decreased in children with iron deficiency. Decreased CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood, low interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity, reduced lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness and increased recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) were found in iron deficiency children. These results suggested that serum IgG subclass and PnPs specific IgG subclass antibody deficiencies caused by dysfunction of the regulation of T lymphocyte on B lymphocyte may be related to the susceptibility to RRTI in children with iron deficiency.

The effects of mebendazole (Meb), albendazole (Alb) and albendazole sulfoxide (AlbSO) on metacestodes of Echinococcus granulosus have been studied. The results show that Meb and Alb exhibit less effect on protoscoleces in vitro, but in vivo the protoscolicidal effect of Meb is higher than that of Alb. Both Meb and Alb are efficacious in the treatment of mice infected with secondary cysts of E. granulosus. In terms of the minimal effective dose required, the occurrence of collapsed and shrunk cysts after treatment, the drug-induced damage on the germinal layer and the relationship between the drug content in the cyst wall and the damage of germinal layer, the effect of Meb on metacestodes of E. granulosus is higher than that of Alb. The results also indicated that lower drug absorption rate and thickening of the adventitia during longer disease course are the two major factors affecting the efficacy of Meb and Alb, hence suggesting that increase of Meb absorption may be expected to raise the therapeutic effect of the drug. Finally, Alb is not only metabolized to AlbSo and AlbSP in vivo, but also metabolized by the cysts exposed to Alb in vitro. Experimental chemotherapy showed that AlbSO is the major effective metabolite of Alb, and its curative dose is only one half of the parent compound.

Spontaneous release of IgG, production of IgG, IgM and IgG subclasses induced by PWM in vitro, serum IgG, IgM, IgA and IgG subclasses were measured in 23 patients with acute Kawasaki disease (KD). The results showed that there was polyclonal B cell activation with significantly increased IgG1 and IgG3. As compared with 21 healthy controls, the mean activities of B cell growth factors (BCGFs), B cell differentiation factors (BCDFs) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were significantly elevated. IL-6 activity was correlated with the production of IgG, IgG1, IgG3 and IgM, while BCGFs and BCDFs were also correlated with IgG1. The serum level of circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF) determined in 16 patients with acute KD using double antibody ELISA was 1.86-8.83 micrograms/ml, but it was less than 1 microgram/L in normal controls. The clinical value of increased TNF in serum is discussed.

We analysed the early viremia and clinical tests in 82 patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF). The results showed that the changes in viremia and clinical tests are related to the severity of the disease and prognosis. Higher concentrations of the virus in infected patients might cause a more unfavourable prognosis and more abnormalities in clinical tests. CK-MB, SGOT, SGPT, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen contents increased markedly, while serum total protein, albumin and calcium contents decreased markedly, indicating that the heart, liver and kidney in EHF patients were severely damaged. Markedly increased WBC and monocytes showed that the patients were seriously infected. Platelet count, antithrombin-III and plasminogen decreased markedly, demonstrating that there were marked changes in the coagulation-anticoagulation and fibrinolytic system of the EHF patients. Changes in RBC, Hb and HCT contents indicated that the blood in the EHF patients had a higher concentration. This study gives further evidence that EHFV plays an important role in the pathogenesis of EHF.

T cell subsets in peripheral blood were phenotyped in 56 patients with different stages of Schistosomiasis japonica, including 17 with acute, 14 with chronic and 25 with advanced infection. The activity of interleukin-1 (IL-1) produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro was simultaneously detected in these three groups of patients. It was found that the percentages of CD3+ (total T cell), CD4+ (helper/inducer T cell) and CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T cell) T cell and the level of IL-1 were significantly increased in the group of acute Schistosomiasis japonica. In the groups of chronic and advanced Schistosomiasis japonica, the proportion of CD3+ T cell, the ratio of CD3+/CD4+ and the level of IL-1 were remarkably reduced, and the percentage of CD8+ T cell was increased. The rate of CD4+ T cell was obviously decreased in cases patients with advanced Schistosomiasis japonica. The percentage of CD4+ T cell was positively correlated to the level of IL-1 in the three groups of patients. These results indicate that T cell subsets and IL-1 may play an important role in the immunoregulation of Schistosomiasis japonica.

Kinetic changes of viremia were observed in 287 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in whom ribavirin was administered with double blind random control studied by means of virus isolation, indirect immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The positive rate of viremia was 79.7% (Sp = 3%) and positive rate of HERS IgM was 85% (Sp = 3.1%) before treatment. Viremia could be interrupted by ribavirin as in the ribavirin treated group, the viremia positive rate decreased, duration of viremia was shortened, viral antigen products, virus titer and HFRS IgG antibody level were reduced as compared with the control group. This showed that viremia was very frequent in patients in the febrile phase and ribavirin is an effective antiviral drug in HFRS during the febrile phase. Dosage and course of treatment of this drug are discussed.

With monoclonal antibodies serum immunoglobulin G(IgG) subclasses were measured in seventy children aged 2 to 13 years with recurrent respiratory tract infections including upper respiratory tract infections, otitis media, sinusitis, asthmatic bronchitis and pneumonia. 211 healthy, aged-matched children served as control. IgG subclass deficiency was found in 19 out of the 70 patients (27.1%, single IgG1 deficiency in 7, IgG2 deficiency in 4, combined IgG1-IgG3 deficiency in 5, IgG1-IgG2-IgG3-IgG4 deficiency, IgG1-IgG2-IgG4 deficiency and IgG2-IgG4 deficiency each in 1). The incidence of IgG subclass deficiencies was in the sequence as follows: IgG1, 20%; IgG2, 10%; IgG3, 8.6% and IgG4, 4.3%. The results suggest that IgG subclass deficiency indicate a common disorder in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.

A new strain of Hantaan virus (HTNV), GH716, was isolated from the peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) of a patient with severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The isolate was propagated in Vero E6 cells. At each passage the virus-infected cells were examined for HTNV with immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies (McAb) 25-1 and 84-1 against HTNV. From passage 5 on, fluorescent intensity tended to stabilize at (+++) and infectivity titer reached 10(5) TCID50/ml. Using 14 McAb to 76-118 and BI strains of HTNV, we found that strain GH716 was antigenically similar to strain 76-118 (Apodemus type) and different from strain R22 (Rattus type), suggesting that GH716 may fall into the Apodemus type of HTNV. This is the first isolation of an HTNV from human PEC collected on the tenth day of illness. The successful isolation of strain GH716 may provide an alternative source of obtaining HTNV during the later stages of HFRS.

This paper reports the successful experiences of in vitro and in vivo studies on endoscopic fragmentation of gastric bezoars using a laser-ignited mini-explosive device. This new technique has been used clinically in 31 patients with gastric bezoars since January 1988. All patients were completely cured without any complication. The relationship between gastric bezoars and ulcers, and the technique of treatment were discussed.

In this study, total blood lymphocytes were prepared from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) by a density gradient on Ficoll-Hypaque. T and B cells were then purified by passing the total lymphocytes over a nylon wool column. The purities of total lymphocytes, T cells and B cells were 97.8 +/- 2.3%, 91.6 +/- 4.5% and 74.2 +/- 12.1%, respectively. Also, after modification of cell fixation and smear drying, the number of cells were increased and the time needed for slide preparation was shortened. Detection of viral antigen by immunofluorescence assay using monoclonal antibodies to Hantavirus (HTNV) showed that the total lymphocytes. T cells and B cells were infected by HTNV during the early stages of HFRS and no specific fluorescence was seen in the cells from the late diuretic phase to convalescent phase. The results suggest that virus replication in blood lymphocytes may partly contribute in the early stages to the impairment of cell immune response and in vivo spread of HTNV to its target sites.

The fate of human cartilage allografts and the mechanism of its kinetical development were studied histopathologically and immunohistologically. After transplantation, the grafts underwent necrosis, calcification and were partially invaded by osteoplastic tissue of the host and eventually replaced by bone tissue. Thus, the contour of the transplanted cartilage was kept partially by the living cartilage and the newly-formed osseous tissue. The grafts were surrounded initially by granular tissue and then by scar tissue, in which numerous T cells and a few macrophage infiltrates were noted. In T cells, T4+ lymphocytes predominated but T8+ cells accounted for a small number. B cells were not found within the infiltrates. Most of the infiltrating cells expressed 12 antigens, indicating that the majority of T cells were activated. It was concluded that T lymphocytes mediated cellular immunity played an important role. The chondrocytes of the cartilage did not express HLA I and II antigens before transplantation, but one month later, the living chondrocytes became HLA I and II antigens positive, and the antigen expression became stronger with the elapse of time; this might be induced by lymphokins, especially by interferon produced by the infiltrating lymphocytes. Such an expression of MHC antigens on chondrocytes might contribute to the further enhancement of immunorejection.

A new antimycotic imicazole drug, oxiconazole, used both in vitro and in vivo in the treatment of 212 cases of tinea corporis, tinea cruris and tinea pedis is reported. In vitro, it shows marked antimycotic effect against 24 strains of pathogenic fungi except those of Wangiella dermatitides and 3 strains of Aspergilli. The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) to Epidermophyton floccosum and Candida guilliermondi are 1 microgram/ml and 0.5 microgram/ml. The cure rate of 2% cream of oxiconazole in 124 cases of tinea corporis and tinea cruris is 90.3%, and in 88 cases of tinea pedis, 89.78%.

45 acne patients and 38 healthy subjects were assayed for serum testosterone and estradiol levels by RIA. The results showed that serum testosterone levels of male patients were normal, but serum estradiol levels were significantly higher (40%) than in healthy males. In female patients, estradiol levels were normal, but testosterone levels were significantly higher (47%) than in healthy females. Of the 18 female patients, 16 had various degrees of menstrual dysfunction, and some even had slight hirsutism. Therefore, male acne patients should not be treated with estrogen, and in female acne patients with ovarian dysfunction, artificial menstrual cycle therapy is recommended.