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Current problems and demands of intraoperative diagnosis were presented. Basic theories and classification of fluorescent diagnostic techniques were introduced, and the advantages compared with traditional pathology were also analyzed. Current research and application status of fluorescent diagnostic techniques were summarized and analyzed in two aspects: spectroscopy analysis and image analysis, and it was indicated that fluorescent diagnosis was important for research and clinical application. Furthermore, future development directions of fluorescent diagnostic techniques were analyzed, and improving accuracy and combining diagnosis with clinical treatment were growing trends in fluorescent diagnostic techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]