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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Ferroptosis-related genes have been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. However, there is currently a lack of immune expression of ferroptosis-related signature genes in rheumatoid arthritis and the construction of competing endogenous RNA (CeRNA) interaction networks. Machine learning, as a powerful signature gene selection algorithm based on bioinformatics, can more accurately identify ferroptosisrelated signature genes that dominate the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. OBJECTIVE: To screen ferroptosis-related signature genes in rheumatoid arthritis using bioinformatics and machine learning methods, and to analyze the correlation between ferroptosis-related signature genes and immune infiltration and the construction of CeRNA network of ferroptosis-related signature genes. METHODS: Rheumatoid arthritis-related microarrays were obtained from the GEO database, and ferroptosis-related genes and their differential gene expression were extracted using R language. The differentially expressed genes were screened using machine learning methods. The LASSO regression and SVM-RFE methods were used for signature gene screening, and the genes filtered by both were re-intersected to finally obtain the signature genes in rheumatoid arthritis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the accuracy of the screened signature genes for disease diagnosis. Immune infiltration of rheumatoid arthritis and normal synovial tissues was analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the correlation between the signature genes and immune cells was analyzed. Finally, the CeRNA network of ferroptosis-related signature genes for rheumatoid arthritis was constructed and the disease signature genes were validated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 150 ferroptosis-related genes in rheumatoid arthritis were obtained, including 55 up-regulated genes and 95 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses identified 18 GO significantly correlated entries and 30 KEGG entries respectively, mainly involving metal ion homeostasis, ferric ion homeostasis and oxidative stress response. Machine learning analysis finally identified disease signature genes GABARAPL1 and SAT1. GSEA analysis found that adipocytokine signaling pathway, drug metabolism cytochrome P450, fatty acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, tyrosine metabolism were mainly concentrated when GABARAPL1 was highly expressed, and chemokine signaling pathway, intestinal immune network on IGA production were mainly concentrated when SAT1 was highly expressed. Immune infiltration analysis found that nine immune cells were significantly different in rheumatoid arthritis and normal synovial tissues, in which plasma cells, T-cell CD8, and T-cell follicular helper were highly expressed and the rest were lowly expressed in the disease group. Single gene and immune cell correlation analysis found that GABARAPL1 was positively correlated with dendritic resting cells, activated NK cells, and macrophage M1, with the most significant correlation with dendritic resting cells, while SAT1 was positively correlated with T cell CD4 and γδ T cells and negatively correlated with NK resting cells. GSVA analysis found that SAT1 was upregulated in ascorbic acid and aldehyde metabolism, while downregulated in B-cell receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. GABARAPL1 showed a down-regulation trend in PPAR signaling pathway, metabolism of nicotinate and nicotinamide, tryptophan metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis. Sixty long non-code RNAs may play a key role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. To conclude, the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis is significantly correlated with the abnormal expression of rheumatoid arthritis-induced ferroptosis-related signature genes, and the signature genes induce disease development via relevant signaling pathways. By analyzing rheumatoid arthritis-related long non-code RNAs-mediated ceRNA networks, potential therapeutic targets and signaling pathways can be identified to further elucidate its pathogenesis and provide a reference basis for subsequent experimental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Pivot meridian hyperthermia is an external treatment method guided by the central meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Studies have shown that it may have a better effect on neuropathic pain, but the specific efficacy evidence and mechanism of action are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the analgesic effect of pivot meridian hyperthermia in a rat model of neuropathological pain and its mechanism based on behavior indicators and molecular biological indicators. METHODS: Eighty male healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model control group, a hyperthermia group, and a TCM hyperthermia group, with 20 rats in each group. In the last three groups, the L5 spinal nerve was ligated to prepare the rat model of neuropathic pain. In the hyperthermia group, cotton pads soaked in 45°C saline were used to heat the gall bladder meridian circulation parts of the rats’ bilateral feet. In the TCM hyperthermia group, cotton pads soaked in 45°C Chinese medicinal solution were applied to heat the gall bladder meridian circulation parts of the rats’ bilateral feet. Treatment in each group was performed once a day. Behavior testing was started after 15 minutes of each hot compress, to measure paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and paw withdrawal thermal latency. The expression levels of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 protein in rat spinal cord tissue were detected after 14 days of continuous treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model control group, paw withdrawal mechanical threshold was significantly higher and paw withdrawal thermal latency was significantly lower in the hyperthermia and TCM hyperthermia groups at 7 and 14 days of treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, the TCM hyperthermia group showed better efficacy than the hyperthermia group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model control group, the expression levels of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 protein were significantly lower in the hyperthermia and TCM hyperthermia groups (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the hyperthermia and TCM hyperthermia groups (P > 0.05). To conclude, pivot meridian hyperthermia has a significant analgesic effect in neuropathological pain rats, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting vesicular glutamate transporter 2/Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The imbalance of extracellular matrix metabolism affects the structure support and intercellular signal transduction, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the role of extracellular matrix in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis, and review its application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis. METHODS: WanFang, CNKI, PubMed and MEDLINE databases were retrieved respectively with the keywords of “osteoarthritis, cartilage, cartilage cells, extracellular matrix, treatment, signaling pathway, biomarkers, tissue engineering” in Chinese and English, respectively. Articles regarding the role of extracellular matrix in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis published from 2014 to 2021 were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1)As an important component of articular cartilage, the extracellular matrix provides nutrients to chondrocytes, and forms a complex three-dimensional structure with protective effect and suitable for the growth of chondrocytes. (2)The extracellular matrix is a place for chondrocytes to exchange information with the environment, to feel and respond to external stimuli, and thereby to regulate the proliferation, apoptosis and other behaviors. (3)Extracellular matrix also contains a large number of biomarkers, such as type II collagen carboxy-terminal peptide, type II collagen α1 and matrix metalloproteinase, which can be used for auxiliary diagnosis and differential diagnosis of a variety of diseases including osteoarthritis. (4)In terms of treatment, tissue engineering strategies based on the extracellular matrix have been widely used in a variety of tissue regeneration studies and play an important role in cartilage tissue engineering, such as simple acellular extracellular matrix scaffolds, extracellular matrix scaffolds loaded with stem cells or specific drugs to induce cell behaviors, and composite scaffolds with bionic natural extracellular matrix structure and biological functions. (5)In conclusion, cartilage extracellular matrix has broad research and application prospects in the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis. However, there are few studies related to cartilage extracellular matrix changes and the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis, and there are much fewer studies related to clinical application. However, how to make full use of the physicochemical properties of extracellular matrix and give full play to the functions of each component in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases still needs more in-depth research, in order to achieve more accurate diagnosis and staging of osteoarthritis, and provide better treatment means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that seriously affects the health of middle-aged and elderly people. At present, western medicine is the main clinical treatment for osteoporosis. With the rapid development of traditional medicine in China, a large number of studies in recent years have found that some monomer components in Epimedium, such as icaritin, icariin, icariside, total flavonoids of Epimedium, and Epimedium polysaccharides, can effectively inhibit bone resorption and bone destruction, promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, and ultimately prevent and treat osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism by which the main active monomer components of Epimedium mediate related signaling pathways to prevent and treat osteoporosis, thereby providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in the future. METHODS: WanFang, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were retrieved with the keywords of “Epimedium, Osteoporosis, Bone cell, Monomer component, Osteoblast differentiation, Cell proliferation, signaling pathway” in Chinese and English, respectively. Relevant literatures published from their inceptions to 2021, which detailed the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by active monomer components of Epimedium mediate related signaling pathways, were retrieved. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Epimedium has small adverse reactions, accelerates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, and directly inhibits the bone resorption of osteoclasts. Therefore, it has broad prospects in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The total flavonoids of Epimedium and its active monomer components may play anti-osteoporosis effects through the regulation of bone metabolism via multi-channels and multiple levels such as endocrine hormones, protein, molecular biology, and genetics. Compared with other epimedium flavonoids, icariside II has better solubility and permeability. It may be another kind of Epimedium flavonoids with anti-osteoporosis effect. Currently, there are numerous studies about Epimedium regulating the main target genes of Wnt/β-catenin, mitogen-activated protein kinases, osteoprotegerin/receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factorκB, bone morphogenetic protein/Runt-related transcription factor 2/osterix, and Notch signaling pathways. However, further explorations are required on the secondary target genes and synergistic effects between signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Studies have confirmed that icariin can promote osteogenesis and prevent and treat steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH). Understanding the drug-target-pathway regulation mechanism will be crucial for the effective treatment of SANFH. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of icariin in the prevention and treatment of SANFH based on the mechanism by which icariin regulates osteogenesis through Wnt, PI3K/AKT, mTOR and estrogen signaling pathways, in order to provide ideas and reference for the effective prevention and treatment of SANFH. METHODS: Relevant literatures published from 2014 to 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP and WanFang databases, using the keywords of “icariin, glucocorticoid, ONFH, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, signaling pathways, pathogenesis, Wnt, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, mTOR, ERs.” The old and repeated literatures were excluded, and a total of 56 literatures were finally included for analysis and discussion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Icariin can promote bone metabolism and improve blood circulation, and its mechanism of action in the treatment of SANFH has become the focus of research. Icariin can regulate Wnt, PI3K/AKT, mTOR, estrogen receptor and other related signaling pathways to play an osteogenic role in the treatment of SANFH. Icariin has a regulatory effect on the signaling pathways related to SANFH. However, relevant experimental studies have not yet been able to specify its mechanism of action, and there are also few relevant clinical studies. Therefore, explorations on icariin’s mechanism of action and its clinical application will be the focus and direction of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system that normally perform sensing, housekeeping, and defense functions. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, the dysfunction of microglia leads to or aggravates neuronal injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of microglia-mediated neuronal injury in neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS: The first author searched for relevant articles published from January 2001 to January 2020 in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang database, and VIP database with the key words of “microglia; neurodegenerative diseases; neuronal injury”. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia perform excessive sensing due to toxic substances during normal function, leading to increasing activation of microglia, accompanied with hyperfunction of housekeeping and intense neuroinflammation causing neuronal impairment. The dysregulation can also be manifested as dysfunction of sensing and housekeeping due to specific gene mutations, which bring about accumulation of toxic substances, aggravating the dysregulation of defense function and inducing apoptosis or necrosis of neurons as a result. Further exploration on the mechanism of microglia-mediated neuronal injury in neurodegenerative diseases may provide several targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Osteonecrosis of femoral head is a difficult disease in orthopedics, and head-preserving surgery is adopted in the early stage, especially bone grafting, in which autogenous bone and allogenic bone are commonly used as bone graft materials. However, autogenous bone transplantation is traumatic and has limited source of donor bone. Although there are abundant sources of allogeneic bone, there are serious immunologic rejection and absorption risks. With the development of tissue engineering technology, osteonecrosis of femoral head treatment has entered a new mode. OBJECTIVE: To review the research status and new progress of tissue engineering technology in the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head. METHODS: PubMed database and CNKI database from 2000 to 2019 were searched by the first author. The key words were “osteonecrosis of femoral head, tissue engineering technology, mesenchymal stem cells, biomaterials, growth factor, bone grafting, hip preserving” in English and Chinese. Meta-analysis and repetitive articles were excluded. A total of 53 literatures related to tissue engineering techniques for the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the development of cytology and material science, great progress has been made in the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head with tissue engineering technology. It includes different kinds of gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells for repairing osteonecrosis, 3D printing and nanotechnology for scaffold materials, and the relationship between the expression of growth factor and osteonecrosis of femoral head. The ideal scaffold complex should be close to the biological characteristics of the organism itself. It can provide support for the necrotic area through effective biomechanical properties, thus reducing the pressure of necrotic area, promoting capillary repair and regeneration, and differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts combined with cytokines, so as to complete the regeneration of new bone in necrotic area. However, most of these studies are still in the animal experimental stage. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, clinical medicine and tissue engineering, the full performance artificial manufacturing of bionic bone graft materials will be expected to be born, which will bring good news to hip patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)