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Based on the theoretical model regarding Leader-Subordinate Relational Identity (LSRI) from the work of Tsai, Cheng, and Chou (2015), we developed the construction and measurement of LSRI scale. We also explore the relationships between leader’s LSRI and leadership behavior, subordinate’s LSRI and subordinate effectiveness to further verify the validity of the scale. There were four studies conducted in this research: Study 1, we used Critical Incident method to collect the contents of LSRI and creat the items of LSRI based on inductive approach. Study 2, employed the Proportion of Substantive Agreement method to verify the content validity of the scale. Study 3, based on the scale from Study 1 and Study 2, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted for leader sample to filter items and to test its internal consistency and reliability. Besides, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used with subordinate sample to verify the fitness index to ensure the discrimination among four constructs. Study 4, with the sample of 350 subordinates and 58 leaders, the effects of subordinate’s LSRI on subordinate’s effectiveness and leader’s LSRI on leader’s leadership behavior were examined to verify the relational validity of the scale. Lastly, the major findings, contributions, limits, and future directions of this research were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System, fourth edition (DPICS IV) is a behavioral observation measure used to assess parent-child interactions. The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to examine the psychometric properties of the DPICS IV in a clinically referred Taiwanese sample of children aged 3-11 and their caregivers, (2) to provide normative data for this population, and (3) to examine normative age differences. A total of 104 Taiwanese clinically referred caregiver-child dyads completed the pre-treatment assessment for Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Parent-report measures completed by the caregivers, as well as the DPICS IV observational data, were used for analysis. The DPICS IV had good inter-observer reliability and adequate discriminant, convergent and divergent validity for some DPICS IV indicators, including negative talk in child-led play and child compliance in parent-led play and clean-up. Differences were noted in parent-child interactions assessed by the DPICS IV based on the child’s age. The results of this study highlight good psychometrics for the DPICS IV in a clinically referred Taiwanese sample, and its established normative data can provide performance reference on the DPICS IV for this population. Future studies are needed to examine the test-retest reliability and predictive validity of the DPICS IV and to establish its normative data and psychometric properties with a non-referred Taiwanese sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]