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Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) complicated with osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic degenerative bone disease commonly found in postmenopausal women. Also, it's an important risk factor affecting the quality of life and mental health of middle-aged and elderly women. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of KOA complicated with OP are not clear in Western medicine, and the correlation between KOA and OP is also controversial. Based on the pathological characteristics of KOA and OP and the physiological characteristics of postmenopausal women, this paper summarized the etiology and pathogenesis of KOA complicated with OP into four aspects: Weakness, Stasis, Phlegm, and Depression. Besides, this paper sorted out the progress of modern medicine and original research related to KOA complicated with OP based on these four aspects mentioned above and explored the similarities of etiology and pathogenesis of KOA complicated with OP between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Therefore, it's better to understand the pathogenesis and development of postmenopausal KOA complicated with OP more comprehensively and scientifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary osteoporosis is a common chronic metabolic disease, which seriously affects the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people. However, there are many adverse reactions in the treatment of primary osteoporosis with western medicine. Therefore, we should take the advantage of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of primary osteoporosis. It is believed in traditional Chinese medicine that the kidney is the congenital origin, storing essence, producing marrow, and dominating the bone. It is believed that the spleen is the acquired foundation, which is in charge of the limbs, and coordinates with the muscles, and is the source of Qi and blood. The spleen and the kidney have the relationship of mutual support one to another. The normal exertion of their functions depends on the stimulation and promotion of Yang Qi. As one of the important theories of traditional Chinese medicine to understand diseases, the core idea of thought of paying importance to Yang is that Yang governs Yin and obeys the view, and that the treatment of diseases should pay attention to protect Yang Qi and make good use of the warming Yang herbs. From the point of view of thought of paying importance to Yang, this paper discusses the relationship between spleen-kidney Yang deficiency and primary osteoporosis, and explores the efficacy and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of primary osteoporosis combined with the modern medicine for warming kidney and invigorating spleen. It is suggested that attention should be paid to warming the kidney and invigorating the spleen in the treatment of primary osteoporosis. However, the research on relevant mechanism of action in treating primary osteoporosis is still insufficient. It is believed that we should strengthen the research on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine for warming the kidney and invigorating the spleen in the treatment of primary osteoporosis, and explore the combination of traditional Chinese medicine theory and modern science, in order to carry forward the advantage of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disease in middle-aged and elderly people. According to clinical characteristics, it belongs to bone callus and bone flaccidity in traditional Chinese medicine. In the ancient disease records, the pathogenesis is believed to be related to the liver, the spleen, and the kidney. Traditional Chinese medicine has a unique advantage in the prevention and treatment of primary osteoporosis. The life-gate as the motive force is the root of the storing essence and qi and plays an important role in regulating the functional activities of the organs. Based on the life-gate theory, we explore the etiology and pathogenesis of primary osteoporosis and the current status of modern experimental and clinical research. The prevention and treatment mechanism of osteoporosis should be guided under the traditional Chinese medicine theory. This may provide a new idea for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is a common disease in the elderly. In the field of traditional Chinese medicine, the prevention and treatment of this disease is mainly from the following aspects; (1) The kidney governing the bone theory. The kidney is the congenital origin, and the kidney stores the essence, governing the bone marrow, and is closely related to reproductive, endocrine, and gonadal system. The physiology of the kidney strongly correlates with the development and the destroy of the bone. The sign of bone atrophy appears on the bone, but orgins from the kidney. (2) The relevant theory of the kidney and the spleen. The spleen is an acquired origin, and the spleen governs the transport of the essence of water and grain. The spleen-Qi transports the essence to the whole body, losses in the lung, then next arrives in the kidney. So, the spleen and the kidney can promote each other and depend on each other. It is often said that the disease is together with the spleen and the kidney. The spleen and the kidney deficiency is the main pathological change of osteoporosis. (3) Blood stasis theory. Patients with osteoporosis have organ dysfunction and meridian-Qi disorder, affecting the circulation of Qi and blood, leading to Qi and blood running sluggish, pain, and dysfunction. Blood stasis can lead to disturbance of Qi and blood circulation, so nutrients can not nourish the organ and bone, causing empty of the spleen and the kidney, which all aggravate osteoporosis. (4 while the kidney stores the essence and governs lli) The liver stagnation theory. The liver stores the blood and governs the muscle, e bone. The liver and the kidney are under the same coke, and the essence and the blood can transform mutually. The stagnation of liver-Qi leads to the stagnation of lire, which can easily bum the Yin of the liver, leading to the liver Yin deficiency. With the liver Yin and blood deficiency, no essence can nourish the bone, ultimately leading to bone atrophy. Therefore, the clinical medication should be flexible and changeable. However, it should follow the trealment of nourishing kidney and strengthening bone, invigorating spleen and benefiting Qi, activating blood to promote blood circulation, and dispering stagnated liver Qi for relieving Qi stagnation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]