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To evaluate the efficacy and safety of "Three-Typed Syndrome Differentiation" (TTSD) in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.A systematic review and meta-analysis was done based on the clinical diabetes treatment literature of the "TTSD". Overseas databases like the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, and China databases like China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM), Chinese national Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, and VIP database, without limitation on language, were included with the time limitation from Jan 1982 to Dec 2012 by retrieval of relative original clinical research articles.Nineteen articles where contains 1,840 diabetes patients were obtained, in which no adverse reactions were reported. Of these, 14 literatures involved the effect of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 10 involved that of postprandial 2-h blood glucose (P2hBG), and 19 involved the overall efficacy based on the national Chinese medicine (CM) diagnosis and treatment standard of diabetes. All the meta-analysis results prefer to the "TTSD" groups (CM+Western medicine Based on TTSD). The results show that, beside the efficacy of Western medicine, the concentrations of FBG and P2hBG in "TTSD" groups continue to drop with statistical significance. For "TTSD" groups, the FBG subsequently dropped 1.03 mmol/L, 95%CI [1.24,0.82] P0.00001), the P2hBG subsequently dropped 1.09 mmol/L, 95% CI [1.61, 0.57] (P0.0001), and the overall efficacies benefit 3.46 times those of Western medicine alone, 95% CI [2.67,4.48] (P0.00001).The CM by the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes based on TTSD might be safe and effective, and could better improve both blood glucose and the overall status of patients, including symptoms.

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the main causes of renal end-stage disease. The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is complex. The current treatment is only for a particular cause without multi-target therapeutic drugs. Chinese medicine is a great treasure with multi-component complex drugs interacting with multiple targets and functions. This paper reviewed the protective effect of Chinese medicine for treating diabetic nephropathy in clinical studies, in vivo studies, and in vitro studies. The possible mechanisms, the major compounds and active crude drugs were also summarized. It was shown that Chinese medicine could not only relieve several symptoms and improve the quality of life, but also reduce the levels of proteinuria and kidney damage, and further improve renal function via multiple pathways based on the whole human system. Moreover, there were no reports of severe adverse reactions during the treatment.

Objective To study the protective effect of the Mixture of Shengmai Powder and Danshen Decoction (生脉散丹参饮合剂, abbreviated as the Mixture) in the rat model with type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy in the rat model with type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy, abbreviated as the Mixture) in the rat model with type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM).

To assess whether the dietary supplement (bromelain) has the potential to reduce plasma fibrinogen and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with diabetes.This randomized placebo controlled, double blind, parallel design, efficacy study was carried out in China and investigated the effect of 12 weeks of bromelain (1,050 mg/day) on plasma fibrinogen. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) recruited 68 Chinese diabetic patients [32 males and 36 females; Han origin, mean age of 61.26 years (standard deviation (SD), 12.62 years)] with at least one CVD risk factor. Patients were randomized into either bromelain or placebo group. While bromelain group received bromelain capsule, the placebo group received placebo capsule which consisted inert ingredient and has no treatment effect. Subjects were required to take 1,050 mg (3×350 mg) of either bromelain or starch-filled placebo capsules, two to be taken (2×350 mg) after breakfast and another (350 mg) after dinner, daily for 12 weeks. Plasma fibrinogen, CVD risk factors and anthropometric indicators were determined at baseline and at 12 weeks.The change in the fibrinogen level in the bromelain group at the end of the study showed a mean reduction of 0.13 g/L (standard deviation (SD) 0.86g/L) compared with the mean reduction of 0.36 g/L (SD 0.96 g/L) for the placebo group. However, there was no significant difference in the mean change in fibrinogen between the placebo and bromelain groups (mean difference=0.23g/L (SD 0.22 g/L), =0.291). Similarly, the difference in mean change in other CVD risk factors (blood lipids, blood pressure), blood glucose, C-reactive protein and anthropometric measures between the bromelain and placebo groups was also not statistically significant. Statistical differences in fibrinogen between bromelain and placebo groups before the trial despite randomization may have influenced the results of this study.This RCT failed to show a beneficial effect in reducing fibrinogen or influencing other selected CVD risk factors but suggests other avenues for subsequent research on bromelain.

To study the protective effect of the Mixture of Shengmai Powder and Danshen Decoction (, abbreviated as the Mixture) in the rat model with type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy in the rat model with type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy, abbreviated as the Mixture) in the rat model with type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM).Forty-two SD rats with DCM model, established by the combination of insulin resistance by a high-fat diet with the damage of pancreatic islet β cells by intraperitoneal injection of high dose streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) once, were evaluated in the damage of the myocardium by electrocardiogram at the end of 12 weeks of grouping and intervention administration; the extent of damage in the myocardial subcellular structure was observed by electron microscopy; the content of myocardial collagen in the left cardiac ventricle was quantified by Masson staining test; the myocardial cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL; the changes in the mRNA expression levels of thrombospodin-1 (TSP-1) and tribbles homolog 3 (TRB-3) by real-time quantitative PCR, the expression levels of myocardial TSP-1, tumor growth factorβ1 (TGF-β1), TRB-3, and chymase were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the changes in the expression levels of myocardial TSP-1, active-TGF-β1 (A-TGF-β1) and latent-TGF-β1 (L-TGF-β1) protein were tested by Western blotting.Compared with the control group, the myocardial tissue was less damaged, and the extent of damage in the myocardial subcellular structure was less; the collagen fiber content and the cell apoptosis were reduced; the expression levels of TSP-1mRNA and TRB-3 mRNA, the expression levels of myocardial TSP-1, TGF-β1, TRB-3, and chymase, as well as the average expression levels of the myocardial TSP-1, A-TGFβ1, and L-TGF-β1 protein were decreased in the Mixture group.The Mixture of Shengmai Powder and Danshen Decoction could inhibit the process of myocardial fibrosis in the rat myocardium of DCM through multiple pathways and significantly delay the genesis and progress of DCM in hyperglycemic rats.