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Objective To explore the workload and job satisfaction of diabetes specialist nurses (DSN) in Chinese hospitals and clarify the influencing factors of job satisfaction. Methods From October to December, 2018, a total of 3 918 DSN were enrolled by using of convenient sampling method in China and demographic data. The current workload of DSN, and job satisfaction were collected using a self-designed questionnaire via WJX platform. Independent sample t test was used for the comparison between dichotomous variables, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the comparison between multiple categorical variables, Pearson correlation analysis was used for the correlation analysis of two continuous variables, and multiple linear regression method was used for the multivariate analysis of job satisfaction of DSN. Results A total of 1 920 (49.0%) DSN spent most of the time in diabetes-related work and only 975 (24.9%) were very satisfied. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that regional, department, professional title, years of diabetes care, work capability enhancement after training, specialist nurses system, proportion of diabetes-related work, diabetes clinical nursing, diabetes education, consultations and providing guidance for primary diabetes care were the influencing factors of job satisfaction (β=-0.210, 0.046, -0.101, -0.008, 0.075, -0.160, -0.200, 0.051, -0.039, -0.046, -0.065, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusion The proportion of diabetes-related work and job satisfaction need to be further improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]