Search

Capacitive deionization (CDI), an emerging method for water desalination and ion separation, has received much attention due to its advantages of high ion selectivity, high water recovery and low energy consumption. Compared with the traditional carbon electrodes, the emerging Faraday electrode offers a unique opportunity to make the desalination performance of CDI significantly improved through the Faraday reaction of ion capture. Transition metal-based electrodes have received much attention in the field of CDI electrode design due to their highly reversible Faraday response, relatively high conductivity, and excellent theoretical pseudocapacitance values. In this paper, we systematically summarize and sort out the material classification of transition metal-based electrodes in CDI applications, and summarize the modification engineering performed for their intrinsic defects, mainly including conductive material coupling, functional architecture engineering and defect engineering, etc., and summarize their performance in CDI applications; in addition, the specific applications of transition metal-based electrodes in CDI are particularly introduced in terms of ion selective separation, metal ion removal and nutrient element recovery. Finally, the paper also outlines the remaining challenges and research directions to provide guidance for future development and research of transition metal chemical substance electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Traditional industrial nitrogen fixation (NF) process uses the Haber-Bosch process which requires high temperature and high pressure, causing high energy consumption and serious pollution. Gliding arc plasma (GAP) combines the advantages of thermal plasma and cold plasma, which can efficiently produce active species and improve energy efficiency obviously. It has great application potential in the field of NF, and has received extensive attention in recent years. However, the research on NF via GAP is relatively fragmented at present. It is necessary to summarize the specific content. The research progress of NF via GAP at home and abroad in past 10 years is reviewed in this paper, mainly including GAP discharge mechanism, reactor design, process parameters and NF reaction mechanism. GAP discharge has B-G mode with breakdown following gliding discharge and A-G mode with continuous steady discharge. A-G mode discharge helps to improve nitrogen fixation efficiency. With the continuous development of GAP discharge technology, the electrode structure in GAP reactor has evolved from the traditional 2D blade structure to a variety of 3D cylindrical structures. Based on process optimization, GAP facilitates the vibrational excitation of N2 molecules, thereby promoting the splitting and transformation of N2 molecules. In the last, the research on NF through GAP is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]