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Scientifically characterizing the intrinsic mechanism of the biased reduction targets affecting agricultural green innovation is of great practical significance for the systematic promotion of the greening transformation of China's agricultural development mode. This paper first constructed a two-sector endogenous economic growth model, theoretically deducing the intrinsic mechanism by which the bias reduction targets were adjusted through the green transformation of agricultural production input factors, which in turn affected the research and development decision-making of the agricultural innovation sector. To the end, this paper treated the strategy of zero growth in synthetic fertilizer use (ZGS) implemented in 2015 as a policy shock and empirically assessed its green innovation effect using the staggered difference-in-differences model. The results showed that ZGS significantly contributed to the increase of green patents in Chinese agriculture. The above conclusion still held after a series of robustness tests, including using terrain complexity as an instrumental variable, estimating the robust staggered difference-in-differences model, eliminating policy interference, altering the estimated model, and replacing the explanatory variables. However, the obvious regional heterogeneity of this effect was reported: the higher the level of marketization and digitalization, the fuller the release of this innovation effect; and that ZGS was more significant in inducing the green innovation activities of enterprises and individuals than of innovation bodies such as universities and research institutions. Finally, this paper also empirically tested the two paths of the theoretical model about the green innovation effect triggered by the biased reduction targets. The study confirmed that the green innovation effect of ZGS mainly resulted from two channels: the expansion of the market scale for agricultural green technologies and the green-oriented allocation of innovation resources. The above conclusions imply that it is necessary to create a sound innovation ecology by strengthening the innovation of green science and technology institutions and combining active government with an effective market. Particularly, a portfolio of policy instruments, including the fiscal, taxation, financial, investment, price policy, and standard system concerning green technology development, should be created to guarantee green technology development. In addition, ZGS can set up differentiated reduction targets considering regional endowment conditions to ensure its smooth progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Industrial development has greatly promoted China's economic growth. Under the dual pressure of resources and the environment, high-quality economic development has become an inevitable requirement of China's new era. Under the new development pattern of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, which is 'to step up conservation of the Yangtze River and stop its over-development,' it is of great significance to explore the transmission mechanism of the impact of environmental regulations on the economic belt's high-quality economic development. Based on the panel data of 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2019, this paper constructed an index system of high-quality economic development and verified the mediation effect of environmental regulations on its high-quality economic development by using the mediation effect model. Intermediate variables, including technological input and industrial structure, were used. In addition, the dynamic threshold model was used to verify the impact of environmental regulations on high-quality economic development under different threshold variable levels. The results found that: (1) The results of the mediation effect test showed that both technological input and industrial structure had a partial mediation effect in the impact of environmental regulations on high quality economic development. Environmental regulations helped to improve the level of technological input and optimize the adjustment of industrial structure, which in turn had a positive impact on the quality of economic development. (2) The results of the threshold model showed that when technological input and industrial structure were the threshold variables of environmental regulations, environmental regulations had a threshold effect on high quality economic development. In regions with high technology input and a backward industrial structure, environmental regulations could better promote high quality economic development. (3) The results of the heterogeneity of the threshold effects showed that a temporal heterogeneity existed in the threshold effects of technology input and industrial structure variables and that factors such as the policy orientation of technological inputs and the rigidity of industrial structure affected the implementation effect of environmental regulation policies. Based on the above conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: (1) Formulate differentiated environmental regulation policies and promote the effective implementation of environmental regulation policies. (2) Improve the level of technological input and provide new impetus for high-quality economic development. (3) Optimize industrial structure, and accelerate the green development and transformation of industries. (4) Clarify the mechanism of environmental compensation and special governance, and promote the synergistic development of regional economy and environmental regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the practical needs of the people to equitably share the fruits of economic development, urban economic construction should be based on the coordinated development of the environment and the economy, which means that high-quality urban development should be realized through a greener and more inclusive path. Under the wave of the fourth industrial revolution, industrial intelligence, characterized by the application of industrial robots, provides an opportunity to promote the green and inclusive development of Chinese cities. Based on the construction of the Malmquist-Luenberger index to scientifically measure the level of inclusive green growth in cities, this study empirically examined the impact of industrial intelligence development on inclusive green growth and its internal mechanisms based on industrial robot application data from the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) from 2007 to 2020 and city-level data in China using various models. The study found that: (1) Industrial intelligence significantly contributed to inclusive green growth in cities, and the effect was more obvious in cities with lower financial support, a higher level of information infrastructure construction, and greater innovation and entrepreneurial dynamics, demonstrating significant heterogeneity in geographical location characteristics. (2) As far as the channels of action were concerned, industrial intelligence was mainly realized through the channels of promoting digital technology innovation and industrial structure upgrading. (3) The development of industrial intelligence had a positive spatial spillover effect on the enhancement of the inclusive green level of cities. Furthermore, if the driving effect could be effectively realized, the regional sustainable development capacity would be effectively enhanced. This paper seeks to enrich the empirical evidence and empirical research on the benefits of industrial intelligence development in promoting inclusive green growth in cities and to provide policy references for the development of smart manufacturing and inclusive green economic growth in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Faced with the high-quality demand for low-carbon and green development, we need to know if the construction of an intellectual property system (CIPS) can be a covert force to restrain the industrial pollution of Chinese cities. This paper regarded the establishment of intellectual property demonstration cities as a quasi-natural experiment. Based on explaining the impact mechanisms of CIPS on industrial emissions, this study adopted the panel data of 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2003 to 2019 and empirically tested the emission reduction effect of CIPS and its mechanisms by using the difference-in-differences (DID) method. The heterogeneity, dynamic effects, and spatial spillover effects were also explored. The results showed that: ① At the urban level of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the CIPS significantly reduced industrial pollution emissions, and the emission reduction effect kept in‑ creasing. This conclusion was still valid under a series of robustness tests, such as continuous DID and instrumental variable methods (IV). ② Heterogeneity analysis showed that the CIPS had good emission reduction performance in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and large and medium-sized cities, and the emission reduction effect was better in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and large cities. The CIPS had more obvious inhibitory effects on water pollution and gas pollution than on soot pollution. ③ Spatial spillover effect analysis showed that the CIPS restrained the industrial pollution of the demonstration cities and their neigh‑ boring cities, the policy effect showed spatial spillover, and the indirect effect was greater than the direct effect. ④ Mechanism analysis showed that the CIPS could lead to urban industrial upgrading and allocation optimization through technological innovation, indirectly inhibit industrial pollution emissions, and directly promote industrial pollution control through green innovation. Based on this, this pa‑ per proposes to promote the CIPS, explore and implement differentiated intellectual property governance policies, and strengthen ex‑ changes and cooperation on intellectual property among cities, in order to drive the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt through innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of theoretical and practical significance to study the impact of mixed-ownership reform, the core measure of stateowned enterprise (SOE) reform, on the green innovation of SOEs. Using the data of SOEs listed in the China A-share stock market from 2010 to 2019, this study empirically tested the impact, mechanisms, and heterogeneous impact of mixed-ownership reform on the green innovation of SOEs through a Propensity Score Matching+Difference-in-Differences (PSM-DID) model based on the shareholding ratio of non-state-owned shareholders among the top ten shareholders of state-owned enterprises. On this basis, this paper further explored the spillover effect of mixed-ownership reform on the green innovation of SOEs. The results showed that: ① Mixed-ownership reform could effectively promote the green innovation of SOEs. After using the placebo test and instrumental variable method to alleviate the endogenous problem and replacing the matching basis for the robustness test, the conclusion was still valid. ② The mechanism test showed that the improvement of corporate governance level and the knowledge spillover effect were important channels for mixed ownership reform to promote the green innovation of SOEs. The profit-seeking nature of non-state-owned shareholders might have a dampening effect on the green innovation of SOEs in mixed-ownership reform. ③ The heterogeneity analysis of industry characteristics showed that in competitive industries and environmental protection industries, mixed-ownership reform had a more obvious impact on promoting the green innovation of SOEs. ④ Although the mixed-ownership reform promoted the green innovation of SOEs, it was not the higher the better in terms of the proportion of non-state-owned shareholders. When non-state-owned shareholders accounted for 15% to 30%, the promotion effect on the green innovation of SOEs was most obvious. ⑤ The mixed-ownership reform had a spillover effect on the green innovation of unreformed SOEs, effectively promoting the substantive green innovation of these SOEs in the same industry. Therefore, the study proposes that the important role of mixed-ownership reform in green development should be fully recognized and the mixed-ownership reform of SOEs should be further promoted. We should promote the formation of a mutually balanced equity structure and rationally allocate the proportion of non-state-owned capital. At the same time, we should avoid the ‘one-size-fits-all’ mixed-ownership reform and adhere to the classification and stratification of orderly progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Big data, a vital driving force of high-quality economic development in China, improves both the speed and efficiency of information exchange and knowledge dissemination. Existing studies have conducted a series of discussions on the dividend effect of big data development, but few have analyzed it from the perspective of corporate green development. Based on the theoretical analysis of the impact of big data development on the internal mechanisms of corporate green technology innovation and on the regulatory role of intellectual property protection, in light of the exogenous policy shock from the ‘National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zones,’ this paper studied the A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen by adopting the difference-in-differences model (DID) to evaluate the impact of big data development on corporate green technology innovation and the moderating effect of intellectual property protection between them. The research results showed that the development of big data significantly promoted corporate green technology innovation, and that the conclusion still held after a series of robustness tests. Heterogeneity tests showed that the promoting effect of big data development on corporate green technology innovation was more observable in large-scale enterprises, state-owned businesses, and companies with high-level access to data from local governments. The mechanism test indicated that the development of big data could promote corporate green technology innovation by improving the intensity of regional environmental regulation, easing the financing constraints of enterprises, and improving their human capital level. The moderating effect test showed that intellectual property protection played a significant positive moderating role between big data development and corporate green technology innovation. Accordingly, the government should improve the big data development policies to promote deep integration of big data and the real economy in a consistent manner, reinforce the system design concerning corporate green technology innovation guided by policies of big data development, and combine big data development with green development goals such as achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. Meanwhile, policies should be refined based on different types of enterprises in different regions so that a long-term mechanism can be established to support corporate green innovation development. It is also necessary to strengthen the construction of an intellectual property protection system so as to accelerate corporate green technology innovation and green development more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of China' s active construction of a multi-party environmental governance system, it is worth discussing how environmental regulation policies affect the market contractual relationship. In fact, government environmental regulation can trigger interactions between enterprises. When an enterprise gets environmental penalties such as fines and halts production, this enterprise will affect the customers, and the customers may adjust their buying strategies or replace this supplier in order to avoid risks. Given that environmental regulation will increase the risk of polluting enterprises and further affect the operation of downstream customers, this paper empirically tested the impact of environmental regulation on market contractual relationship based on the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2019. We found that: ① The strengthening of environmental regulation on suppliers would cause the customers to reduce the purchase quantity; thus, environmental regulation could trigger a negative market response. ② Between 2015 and 2019, with the overall and long-term tightening of environmental regulation, enterprises usually increased investment and innovation in environmental protection, resulting in a weakening of the negative market response. ③ When customers had a green reputation or the suppliers belonged to a polluting industry, the customers' negative response was significantly stronger, but when the suppliers were state-owned enterprises, customers were no longer sensitive to their environmental risks. ④ Further analysis showed that environmental regulation affected customers' adjustment of purchase share through 'risk' mechanism and 'environmental governance' mechanism. This article reveals that the government environmental regulation will impact the market contractual relationship, which complements and enriches the relevant literature on environmental governance from the micro perspective, and makes a solid attempt to promote corporate environmental governance from the perspective of the supply chain. The policy implication of this article is that we should strengthen the fairness of the implementation of environmental regulation policies and encourage the development of green supply chains. The conclusion of the study has certain implications for further improving the government environmental regulation, motivating corporate environmental governance, and realizing the multi-party co-governance environmental governance system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system as a whole is composed of various interrelated sub-systems. The effect of a system will be affected by the coordination of other systems associated with it. Only when the complementarity and coordination between systems increase can the implementation effect of the system be fully brought into play. As an informal system, social trust can affect the implementation effect of formal environmental regulations, but there are few studies on the moderating effect of social trust on the impact of environmental regulations on carbon emissions. Based on this, the panel data of 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2019 were selected as research samples. The moderating effect model and mediated moderating effect model were used to study the moderating effect and mechanism of social trust on the impact of environmental regulations on carbon emissions. In addition, the heterogeneity of this moderating effect was tested by region. The results showed that: ① The impact of environmental regulations on carbon emissions showed an inverted Ushaped nonlinear relationship, and the promotion effect of environmental regulations on carbon emissions was dominant in the present stage. FDI, the upgrading of industrial structures, and R&D innovation were important mediating channels for environmental regulations to affect carbon emissions. ② As a moderating variable, social trust positively moderated the impact of environmental regulations on carbon emissions and accelerated the arrival of the inflection point of the inverted U-shaped curve. ③ In terms of the mediating effect, the moderating effect of social trust on the impact of environmental regulations on carbon emissions was realized through the mediating effect of FDI, the upgrading of industrial structures, and R&D innovation, and the impact of social trust on the inflection points of the three intermediary channels was heterogeneous. ④ The moderating effect of social trust had regional heterogeneity. In small cities, the impact of social trust on environmental regulations on carbon emissions was greater than that in large and medium-sized cities. The moderating effect of social trust was greater in the cities without environmental protection than in the cities with environmental protection. The above conclusions were still valid after a series of robustness tests. It is hoped that this paper can enrich the relevant research on environmental regulations and social trust and be helpful for local governments to formulate relevant policies according to local conditions, improve the carbon emission reduction effect of environmental regulation, and accelerate the green development and transformation of Chinese cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban agglomerations are spatial combinations of cities and the main spatial carrier for China to promote new urbanization and implement the concept of green development. Does their polycentricity help to improve the efficiency of regional green development and achieve coordinated development? This paper used satellite-monitored night light data to identify the polycentricity of each urban agglomeration in China, and used three major pollution emission indicators as undesired outputs respectively to calculate the Malmquist-Luenberger dynamic decomposition index and to examine the dynamic changes of the green development efficiency of urban agglomerations and their member cities. Based on the panel data of 14 key urban agglomerations from 2004 to 2018 to study the impact of polycentricity on the green development efficiency of member cities, this research found that: ① The polycentricity of urban agglomerations had a significant threshold effect on the green development efficiency of member cities, and the improvement of polycentricity could improve the green total factor productivity of eastern urban agglomerations, but it had a negative effect on central and western urban agglomerations. ② Polycentricity had an ‘inverted U-shaped’ influence on the urban agglomerations. The transmission mechanism found that the ‘inverted U-shaped’ influence was mainly achieved through knowledge spillover, technological innovation, and human capital. ③ The improvement of polycentricity had a negative effect on the green total factor productivity of medium sized cities, but a positive effect on the green total factor productivity of cities in the lower rank, and its effect gradually decreased with the fall of the city􀆳 s economic rank. After changing the polycentricity index, using topographic relief and data of railway opening in 1933 as instrumental variables, and using the panel Tobit model and panel threshold model, the results obtained were basically the same, which confirmed the robustness of the results. Therefore, at the present stage, with China's spatial distribution of urbanization focusing on the tradeoff between the development of big cities and small cities, the heterogeneity of spatial units should be comprehensively considered, and differential urban agglomeration policies should be formulated and implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]