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In this paper, we collected, summarized, and analyzed the available data of 143 transportation immersed tunnels at home and abroad, and analyzed the current state of the immersed tunnel engineering in the world from the aspects of construction quantity, construction length, construction speed and construction difficulty. Based on the quantifiable indexes of tube volume, tube number, water depth and buried depth, the evaluation formula of construction difficulty of immersed tunnel was put forward for the first time. Finally, based on the number of monographs, patents and papers, we analyzed and evaluated the scientific and technological development status of immersed tunnel in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with contracting engineering projects in China, contracting international engineering projects is affected by many factors, with great risks and uncertainties. Risk control should be paid attention to and effective risk prevention should be carried out in bidding stage. In this paper, we summarized the common risks of international project bidding, and expounded the procedures and principles of international project pre - bidding organizations, and introduced the key points and countermeasures of risk prevention and control by studying bid documents and on -site investigation combining with a large number of practical engineering cases, so as to provide reference for Chinese enterprises who participate in international project bidding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]