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• Multidimensional child poverty is notably more prevalent among STs and SCs. • Standard of living, ECD, and WASH are the dimensions that need committed thrust. • STs and SCs contribute more to the national MCP than their share of the population. • Head of household characterised by female gender, older age, and higher level of education is associated with a lower likelihood of MCP. • MCP tends to be more pronounced in nuclear families, households with 7+ members, rural areas, and central and eastern regions. Children are among the most vulnerable groups worldwide, bearing a disproportionate share of the burden of poverty. One-third of children, compared to one-sixth of adults, are multidimensionally poor. Experiencing poverty in childhood can have long-term negative consequences across generations. As a result, multidimensional poverty measures have recently been investigated in the child poverty literature. This study analysed multidimensional poverty among children (0–59 months) in India using the Alkire-Foster's counting approach and looked into how it differs across the country's well-known social stratification, the Caste system. The determinants of multidimensional child poverty (MCP) have been determined using multiple logistic regression. By using National Family Health Survey, 2019–21 data, the study revealed that the incidence of MCP in India is 32 %; highest among Scheduled Tribes (STs) (50 %), followed by Scheduled Castes (SCs) (37 %), Other Backward Classes (OBCs) (30 %) and 'Others' (22 %). Across all the Castes highest rates of deprivation were recorded in the indicators of standard of living and early childhood development (ECD) dimensions; together, they contribute more than 50 % to the MCP index (MCPI). The contribution of the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) dimension in MCPI of STs is also noticeably higher (20.2 %). Of the 15 indicators considered, availability of TV/Radio, followed by immunisation, sanitation, cooking fuel, housing condition, and stunting, are the leading contributors with a combined contribution of more than 55 %. A child being a male, of higher birth order and born to a mother with higher years of schooling was more likely to experience multidimensional poverty. The household head's sex, age, and years of schooling were significantly associated with MCP. Across all castes, children from nuclear families, 7 + household members, higher number of children per woman, rural areas, central, eastern and north-eastern (except STs) regions were more likely to experience multidimensional poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Around 59% of the children are suffering from anaemia in India. • Overall, 36.8% of mother–child pairs are suffering from anaemia. • In India, higher double burden of anaemia is seen in Jharkhand and Haryana states and lowest in Mizoram state. • After controlling for significant background factors, poor household at higher risk of double burden of anaemia in India. The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in India continues to be high despite efforts to address the issue through iron-folic acid supplements under the national health program. It is estimated that about 50% of pregnant women, adolescent girls and children are anaemic. Anaemic women are at a significantly higher risk of morbidity, mortality, postpartum haemorrhage, and low birth outcomes, in addition to low birth weight and preterm birth of their babies due to poor intrauterine growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate anaemia among mother–child pairs — known as a double burden — in poor and non-poor households in India. The study uses data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS). The survey collects information on the haemoglobin levels in mothers and children. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk of anaemia in mother–child pairs among poor and non-poor households. Our survey found that, respectively, 57.1% and 58.7% of the mothers and children were suffering from anaemia; and the double burden was 36.8%. The double burden of anaemia was much higher among poor households (41.0%) as compared to the prevalence in non-poor households (33.1%). This pattern was observed across the background characteristics of the mothers, such as age, place of residence, education, caste, religion, Body Mass Index (BMI) and selected child factors. The adjusted odds for poor households, after controlling for significant background factors of the mothers and children, was found to 11% (OR:1.11, p-value:<0.001; 95%, CI:1.09–1.14) with higher odds of double burden as compared to non-poor households. The findings of the study point to the need for policies that are targeted at addressing the double burden of anaemia in poor households in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]