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Men who have sex with men (MSM) report childhood sexual abuse (CSA) at higher rates than heterosexual men. The literature has established a clear association between CSA and sexual risk taking. Biomedical HIV preventative approaches are effective tools for reducing HIV acquisition. Since many studies are conducted on MSM broadly, the objective of this review was to examine outcomes of studies on MSM with CSA histories and HIV biomedical approaches. The PRISMA checklist was used to extract data from the included studies. Of 124 studies retrieved, seven articles (n = 7) met the inclusion criteria. Studies included in the review were predominately correlational. Four themes were identified which were sexual behaviour, mental health, drug use/polydrug abuse and intimate partner violence. All identified variables impacted biomedical adherence either directly or indirectly. However, negative childhood experiences were not the dominant priority in the studies reviewed. In addition, there were confusion over how some variables were operationalized. This systematic review highlights the need for further research and intervention development based on past experiences and trauma, especially among MSM of colour. Approaches that incorporate past trauma should be the future focus of HIV prevention and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research demonstrates that relationships are key when working to support young people affected by sexual violence. Within these relationships, young people show a preference for non‐judgemental, flexible, consistent and informal support. Peer support – defined here as support provided by those with similar experiences – is however an uncharted area for assisting young people affected by sexual violence. This paper draws on interviews with 25 respondents with knowledge and experience of setting up, supervising and/or participating in peer support initiatives for young people impacted by different forms of sexual violence in Europe and North America. The article highlights how one form of peer support, peer or 'survivor' mentoring, can provide emotional and social support; create space for 'normality'; and give choices to young people. It outlines three unique dimensions to the support provided by peers more generally: relatability, credibility and translatability. The discussion reflects on what this might mean for traditional support provided by professionals. It also draws attention to the significance of recognising both the variety of experience and identity of young survivors of sexual trauma and the impact this may have on promoting relatability within relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child sexual abuse (CSA) has serious short‐term and long‐term effects, including non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation (SI). One possible thread linking CSA to NSSI and suicide risk is emotion dysregulation. The current study assessed whether facets of emotion dysregulation mediated relations of NSSI behaviours and functions, and SI. Participants (N = 121; Mean age = 18.69, age‐range 18–22; 78 per cent female), college students with a history of childhood trauma, completed an online survey. Results indicated that facets of emotion dysregulation (i.e. clarity, non‐acceptance) mediated the relationship between CSA and SI. CSA was associated with automatic negative reinforcement, social negative and social positive reinforcement NSSI functions, but was not associated with NSSI behaviours. Emotion dysregulation facets did not mediate the relationship between CSA and NSSI functions. Findings highlight the need to help CSA survivors have clarity and acceptance of emotional experiences to reduce SI risk. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not‐for‐profit sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers suggestions on how to help children to tell about their experiences of sexual abuse. Topics discussed include an importance of increasing awareness about child sexual abuse, need of creating opportunities for children to tell about their sexual abuse and challenges for professionals to promote children's resilience and agency during child protection processes.

In 2015, LVCT Health (a Kenyan non‐governmental organisation) conducted an exploratory study to assess the quality and comprehensiveness of services provided to child survivors of sexual violence at two public health facilities in Kenya. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used, including a retrospective review of 164 child survivor medical records, a health facility staff inventory, in‐depth interviews with 31 healthcare providers and 19 exit interviews with 14 child survivors and their caregivers. Ethical approval was obtained from two independent ethics committees. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 22, while qualitative data were analysed using NVivo 10 based on a thematic coding framework. The health facility staff inventory indicated that only two out of 581 providers had undergone previous training on the management of child survivors of sexual violence. Both health facilities lacked the appropriate equipment for the collection of forensic evidence from children and private rooms in which to conduct the clinical examination. Providers cited challenges in offering psychosocial support to children. Only 27 per cent of child survivors were documented to have received trauma counselling. There is a need for health facilities to enhance their human resource and infrastructural capacity to facilitate the delivery of comprehensive care to child survivors. 'An exploratory study to assess the quality and comprehensiveness of services provided to child survivors of sexual violence... in Kenya' Key Practitioner Messages: There is a need to develop child‐specific guidelines for healthcare providers in order to ensure that child survivors of sexual violence receive good‐quality services at the facility level.Healthcare providers in public health facilities need competency‐based training to enable them to acquire knowledge and skills to identify and respond to child survivors of sexual violence, collect evidence, communicate with the children and offer counselling support to child survivors effectively.Services for child survivors should be centralised in health facilities to minimise the number of different contact points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and experiences of child maltreatment. This study employed several meta‐analyses. Studies included in the meta‐analysis contained a comparison of experiences of child maltreatment in individuals with and without ADHD or assessed the relationship between ADHD symptoms and experiences of child maltreatment. There were 18 studies that met the eligibility criteria. Individuals with ADHD had higher odds of having been maltreated in childhood compared to individuals without ADHD (odds ratio = 2.39, p < 0.001). There was a significant association between ADHD symptoms and experiences of child maltreatment (r = 0.28, p < 0.001). Clinicians need to be cognisant of the risk of child maltreatment when working with individuals with ADHD, and vice versa. 'Examine[s] the association between ADHD and experiences of child maltreatment' Key Practitioner Messages: Clinicians should be mindful of the higher rates of ADHD and symptoms of ADHD in children with experiences of child maltreatment, and vice versa.Clinicians may want to monitor symptoms of ADHD in children who have experienced maltreatment.If the ADHD symptoms do not improve over the course of child maltreatment‐related therapy or intervention, it may be worthwhile to pursue assessment and potentially additional treatment for ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including child sexual abuse, child psychology, and child protection.

Associations between psychological dispositions and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) tends to vary by ACE category (i.e. childhood abuse, childhood neglect, family dysfunction), particularly for adults with high ACE scores (>4 on a 0–10 scale). Psychological dispositions (such as pain catastrophising, hope, resilience), however, have typically been examined as intermediary factors rather than endpoints (i.e. dependent variables) on mostly adult patients. In this cross‐sectional study on healthy adults who completed self‐report questionnaires, we hypothesised that even with low ACEs scores (≤4 ACEs), adults with childhood abuse (compared to childhood neglect and family dysfunction, and no ACEs) will have higher pain catastrophising and lower resilience and hope. In healthy adults (n = 47), multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) indicated that ACE categories and gender were associated with the three dispositions (Pillai's F(6,84) = 2.518, p = 0.027, η2 = 0.152). Univariate results revealed an association between childhood abuse versus no ACEs and pain catastrophising (Pillai's F(2,43) = 7.084, p = 0.002, η2 = 0.248). No associations were found between the ACEs categories and hope or resilience. Among healthy adults with few ACEs, history of childhood abuse was uniquely associated with pain catastrophising. Although a sensitive topic, assessing history of childhood abuse would enable health professionals to provide proactive interventions reducing harmful reactions to pain, such as pain catastrophising. 'We hypothesised that even with low ACEs scores... adults with childhood abuse... will have higher pain catastrophising and lower resilience and hope' Key Practitioner Messages: History of childhood abuse in healthy adults has a uniquely important association with pain catastrophising.Gender did not influence the link between history of childhood abuse and pain catastrophising in healthy adults.In this study, history of adverse childhood experiences was not associated with hope and resilience in healthy adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assesses the feasibility of using a screening tool to proactively identify child survivors of sexual violence in Kenyan primary school and health facility settings, and to refer such survivors to care. A mixed‐methods design was employed, involving quantitative screening tool data, as well as service data from 497 girls and boys in two primary schools (in standards six to eight) and one hospital site (11–17‐year‐olds) and qualitative data (in the form of field notes) generated during the screening process. Results point to the feasibility of this screening intervention, as evidenced by the proportion of children in the school and health facility sites combined: 97 per cent were willing to be screened for sexual violence, 45 per cent disclosed lifetime sexual violence and 75 per cent received care subsequent to disclosing lifetime experiences of sexual violence. Further, the qualitative results 'give voice' to child survivors and their parents, demonstrating the acceptability of, and demand for, the intervention among these populations. Findings from this study suggest that screening for sexual violence against children is feasible in both school and health facility settings. Such screening also holds potential for expanding child survivors' access to care. 'Assesses the feasibility of using a screening tool to proactively identify child survivors of sexual violence in Kenyan primary school and health facility settings' Key Practitioner Messages: Screening is a feasible means of proactively identifying child survivors of sexual violence.Sexual violence screening can help expand child survivors' access to care.Sexual violence screening can be adapted for implementation in various contexts or sectors, and with various categories of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic experiences during childhood are common and often lead to chronic mental health conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The primary aim of this study was to determine whether a well‐validated screening tool for PTSD administered in frontline services effectively identifies diagnosable PTSD in young people with a history of maltreatment. In total, 141 young people in community care settings were screened using three screening instruments (Child Revised Impact of Events Scale‐8; Generalised Anxiety Disorder‐2; Patient Health Questionnaire‐2). Participants described a range of adverse life events: 110 of the 141 participants reported at least one adverse life experience (mean number for the total sample was 2.8), with 44.2 per cent (n = 46) experiencing at least one form of interpersonal trauma; and 102 participants (72.3 per cent) screened positively for probable PTSD and subsequent mental health assessments confirmed this condition in 64.7 per cent of these participants. Further, 36.9 per cent (n = 52) and 46.8 per cent (n = 66) met the threshold for probable depression and anxiety, respectively. Three items were associated with positive PTSD screens: a history of being on the child protection register, previous mental health contact and interpersonal index trauma. Interpersonal traumas were also associated with higher risks of offending. It seems feasible to use screening measures effectively within frontline social care services if staff are provided with appropriate training and support to identify young people with PTSD who may benefit from evidence‐based mental health therapies. Key Practitioner Messages: There is strong evidence of the link between childhood adversities and poor mental health, including PTSD.This study found that a short instrument can be embedded within social care services to screen children and young people for PTSD.It is important that frontline staff have the necessary training and tools to understand the effects of trauma and screen children's mental health in order to facilitate access to effective therapies at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses the various topics within the issue, including the tools for helping child survivors of maltreatment, the statement validity analysis (SVA) in child sexual abuse case, and the adult attachment interview (AAI) on parent-child relations.

Attachment theory has had a profound influence on our understanding of human relationships. This paper focuses on the application of the Dynamic-Maturational Model of attachment to children involved in care and family proceedings. It describes the central principles of attachment as developed by Ainsworth et al. (); Bowlby (); Crittenden () and Main (). Attachment patterns are explored and the circumstances under which these various engagement strategies arise. The authors provide two case examples of different insecure attachment styles. They include brief background information, observations about clinical presentation and formulation sections, offering the reader an opportunity to integrate their thinking about how different insecure attachment styles necessitate alternative intervention approaches. The paper highlights the complexity of assessing attachment in different circumstances, and the authors propose that this article should be viewed as a 'primer' for helping practitioners to take better account of attachment issues whenever undertaking assessments within the context of child and family proceedings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Messages Attachment theory applies to every stage of life., If the baby's care is predictable but not attuned, she learns that thinking protects her and displaying negative emotions endangers her., When the baby's carer is unpredictable and inconsistently attuned, she learns that exaggerating emotions gets results., Mother was unaware that her inconsistency worsened Tammy's behaviour., Anna experienced feelings of self-blame due to her mother feeling overwhelmed., Assessing attachment can be very complex where a child experiences extended trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-four young women and one young man, aged between 13 and 23 years, who are current or former service users of two voluntary-sector projects specialising in services for young people and who have been or are at risk of child sexual exploitation (CSE), shared their views about what had helped and what will help them to move on from CSE. They were accessed via the projects and invited to choose how they gave their views, which ultimately they did through combinations of semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, questionnaires, artwork and poetry. Their views are summarised in the context of other relevant literature. The findings emphasise that: these young people have important things to say about what will help them; they need workers who are friendly, flexible, persevering, reliable and non-judgemental; they need information, advice, safe places, enrichment experiences and services which are available during evenings and at weekends; and they are unlikely to engage positively with statutory services (police and children's social care) unless those services convince them more effectively that they will listen to, protect and respect them. Their pain, resilience and anger are illustrated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Messages Young women affected by CSE: Have important things to say about what will help them;, Need workers who are friendly, flexible, persevering, reliable and non- judgemental;, Need information, advice, safe places, enrichment experiences and services which are available during evenings and at weekends;, Are unlikely to engage effectively with statutory services (police and children's social care) unless those services demonstrate that they will listen to, protect and respect them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the evidence concerning the association between reported maternal childhood experience of emotional abuse and/or neglect and subsequent parenting outcomes. Relevant studies were identified through a systematic search of four electronic databases using a pre-determined keyword search. Reference lists of included papers were reviewed and key authors in the field contacted to ascertain whether other papers were available. Twelve studies which met our eligibility criteria were included for review. Tentative support was found for a relationship between maternal childhood emotionally abusive/neglectful experiences and a range of adverse parenting outcomes, including increased parenting stress and maltreatment potential, lower empathy and greater psychological control. However, limitations within the research (e.g. small sample sizes, retrospective designs) reduce the confidence with which we can draw firm conclusions. Recommendations are offered for future research together with an outline of clinical implications arising from this review. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Messages There is tentative evidence that maternal childhood experience of emotional abuse/neglect may be associated with subsequent deficits in parenting., Maternal childhood experiences of being parented should be considered when attempting to make sense of children's difficulties and/or problems in the parent-child relationship., Further research is required to explore these relationships and to build on our knowledge about contextual risk and protective factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Practitioner Messages: Young people at risk of child sexual exploitation (CSE) value peer mentoring and will respond to services that they regard as authentic, consistent and tailored to their needs.Practitioners should always endeavour to prioritise the voices of young people - they are articulate about CSE.Arts‐based projects should be given fuller consideration as a potentially effective vehicle for building resilience and combatting the CSE threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the research on disclosure of child sexual abuse with specific reference to delays in disclosing, non-disclosure and partial disclosure of experiences of child sexual abuse. Findings from large-scale national probability studies highlight the prevalence of both non-disclosure and delays in disclosure, while findings from small-scale qualitative studies portray the complexity, diversity and individuality of experiences. The possible explanations regarding why children are reluctant to disclose such experiences have significant implications for addressing the issue of child sexual abuse from the perspectives of child protection, legal and therapeutic professionals. The importance of understanding the dynamics of disclosure, in particular the needs of young people to maintain control over the disclosure process, the important role that peers play in this process, the responses of adults in both informal and formal networks, and the opportunities to tell, is key to helping young people speak more promptly about their experiences of sexual abuse. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Messages Children typically delay disclosing experiences of abuse., Asking children questions about their wellbeing gives them the opportunity to tell when they are ready., The challenge is to find the right questions at the right time., Peers can be the right people to ask these questions., Adolescents need to know about how to ask and what to do if someone tells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study space analysis of 44 published research studies examining the use of multiple interviews with child victims/witnesses. Study space analysis is a method of detecting gaps in the existing literature and thus determining whether ecologically valid situations that arise in practice have actually been addressed and studied. The use of this methodology is particularly useful for techniques which are being considered for changes in policy or practice, ensuring that the literature is sufficient to warrant change. Multiple or repeated interviewing has been argued by some authors to be ready for change. However, in the present study space analysis, it is concluded that despite a growing literature, there are still some key variables which require research examination prior to policy change. In particular, research is needed involving samples of children between 11 and 18 years old, participants with multiple needs and interviews regarding repeated events. Findings from the online supplementary material also identify the need for studies with longer delays between the event and the initial interview, more than two interviews of a child, phased multiple interviews and interviews conducted by professional interviewers. 'This article presents a study space analysis of 44 published research studies examining the use of multiple interviews with child victims/witnesses' Key Practitioner Messages: Some researchers suggest that interviewing a child more than once about an event can be beneficial for police investigations as it leads to additional accurate details.This study concludes that there are key variables yet to be studied under controlled conditions and thus more research is required before comprehensive policy change is recommended.Future research is required with adolescent participants, children with multiple needs and interviews about repeated events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Practitioner Messages The effect of pet loss for survivors of child sexual abuse is under-explored., Perpetrators may threaten pets to silence their victims., The loss of a companion animal may affect the healing process of child sexual abuse survivors., There is a need for more research to inform interventions to assist the recovery of survivors and education to enhance mental health professionals' understanding of the ongoing effects of pet loss in relation to recovery., Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a qualitative study of women involved in sex work in the UK, this paper focuses on the participants who became involved in sexual exploitation or, what some of them saw as, selling or swapping sex for non-monetary 'payment', under the age of 18. A central aim of the study was to develop an understanding of how the meaning ascribed to risk and protective factors influenced perceptions of victimhood and agency. Findings indicate that the key determinants of pathway outcomes were: whether, and how, the search for approval and affection was resolved; whether feeling 'different' led to a sense of defeat or strengthened resolve; whether coping strategies were adaptive or maladaptive; and whether individuals experienced the availability of a secure base. The findings suggest the need for policy which acknowledges the expertise and views of the young people involved, recognises the importance of early intervention, and is holistic in service provision not only for young people who are victims of sexual exploitation, but also for those who perceive that they have exercised agency, albeit from limited options, about their involvement in selling or swapping sex. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Messages Policy and service provision must acknowledge the agency, expertise and views of the young people involved in sexual exploitation., We need to build on the good practice already in existence in continuing to develop a model of intervention which promotes security and resilience., Service interventions with young people involved in or at risk of sexual exploitation, selling and swapping sex must be trust building, respectful, relationship based, solution focused and strengths based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to assess the degree and nature of any mismatch between officially recognised child maltreatment and adolescent self-report of adverse child experiences. Participants included 136 adolescents (72 males, 64 females, Mage = 17 years, age range 14-23 years) who had been confirmed as victims of maltreatment prior to age 13 by Child Protective Services. Participants' self-reports were obtained in adolescence, at least four years after identification. Physical neglect was the most prevalent experience found in the records (87%, n = 118). When this experience was assessed through self-report, only 36 per cent ( n = 49) of participants reported physical neglect. Sexual abuse was self-reported by 17 per cent ( n = 23) of the sample, compared with eight per cent ( n = 11) in the records. Only 17 per cent ( n = 23), a small number of self-reports, were consistent with official records. Kappa values show that agreement is low (under 0.40) for seven of the ten categories. Our findings suggest substantial unreliability in the reporting of child abuse and neglect, including household adverse experiences. They also suggest the failure of professionals to discover several adverse experiences during childhood, even after identification by authorities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Messages Child protection practitioners need to be aware of multiple experiences that can co-occur with the suspicion or situation initially reported to child protection agencies., Little attention is given to protecting children and young people from later re-victimisation., The conclusions from the relationship between childhood maltreatment and later outcomes should be approached with caution when retrospective reports or official data are used alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adult men often report a sense of feeling a father wound when reflecting on their own father-son relationship. Perhaps in part due to a rejection of traditional fathering practices that may have contributed to such wounds, fathers today are increasingly adopting a 'new involved father' role that is more welcoming of emotional expression and involvement in a child's life. This paper argues that adopting this new role may allow men to not only connect with their sons, but also to come to terms with problematic aspects of their own father-son relationship. In this way, fathering a son may allow men to alter aspects of their self. Limitations and future directions for the father wound construct are also discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message This papers offers a critical review and analysis of the father wound concept and its larger clinical and social developmental significance for males., Traditionally, many adult men report a sense of loss or grief when considering their won father-son relationship., Becoming a father, paricularly to a son, may allow men to come to terms with earlier father-son wounds to the betterment of these aforesaid fathers and their sons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accounts of the Catholic Church's response to those disclosing sexual abuse by clergy to diocesan safeguarding commissions (formerly child protection commissions) in England and Wales are analysed and compared. The accounts given and the conclusions reached by the Church and those it employs or has commissioned are considered alongside the experiences reported by survivors. The contrasts between these narratives are discussed using techniques underpinned by critical discourse analysis and highlighting service user perspectives. Reports for the period to 2010 and published in 2011 by the National Catholic Safeguarding Commission and Minister and Clergy Sexual Abuse Survivors are discussed in detail, with the resulting analysis of the narratives emerging arguably reflecting a broader discourse. It is suggested that, despite attempts to present the situation differently, the Roman Catholic Church in England and Wales continues to be hampered in its efforts to respond sensitively to the needs of those who have been abused, because, as an institution, it also continues to serve conflicting legitimacy communities, and that, as a result, it risks further alienating those victims and survivors who have been led to expect that their needs will be prioritised over the financial interests and reputation of the institution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Messages Accounts by institutions about how they respond to victims and survivors of abuse need to be critically analysed using accounts offered by victims and survivors themselves., Institutions may seek to serve conflicting legitimacy communities and, as a result, risk alienating victims and survivors of abuse where they have been led to expect that their needs will be prioritised over matters such as the financial interests and reputation of the institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last 30 years, allegations of ritual child sexual abuse have emerged from child protection cases and legal proceedings and from adults and children in psychotherapy. These allegations have been met with disbelief from many practitioners and academics. Children and adults disclosing ritual abuse continue to present in a range of circumstances and recent substantiations of ritual abuse allegations call for a grounded analysis of their claims. This paper is based on qualitative interviews with 16 adults who described experiencing ritual abuse in childhood. They described the ways in which sexually abusive groups generated shared rationales of religious or mythological justifications for organised abuse. Participants were forced to internalise these rationales in degrading and dehumanising ordeals, whereupon they became active in facilitating their own abuse and/or the abuse of others. Ritual abuse can therefore be conceptualised as a device or strategy that enjoins the participation of victims in organised abuse whilst simultaneously accomplishing exculpation for perpetrators. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Messages Ritual abuse can be understood as a strategy that legitimises sexual exploitation to victims and perpetrators of organised abuse., Children and adults subject to ritual abuse may actively collude in their own victimisation, complicating efforts at detection, intervention and treatment., Practitioners should consider the ways in which ritual abuse reflects common rationalisations for sexual crimes that assign blame and responsibility to victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Survivors of clerical institutional childhood abuse (ICA) experience poor mental health outcomes in adulthood. Resilience research with this group has focused on psychological adjustment and we know less about the factors across the social ecology that support positive adaptation, including the impact of migration. This study explores the influence of resilience‐enhancing factors across the social ecology on the mental wellbeing (MWB) of Irish emigrant survivors of ICA and how this compares with non‐migrant survivors. Fifty‐six survivors based in the UK and 46 based in Ireland completed a quantitative survey that assessed resilience‐potentiating resources and associations with MWB. A further nine participants, resident in the UK, engaged in a structured interview which aimed to further explain these quantitative data. Results indicate more resilience‐enhancing resources across the ecology of emigrant survivors of ICA. Personal skills and competencies, such as problem‐focused coping, altruism and defiance, and social inclusion were associated with MWB regardless of country of residence. For the migrant group, social identity not defined by institutional care facilitated social inclusion. Migration to the UK and informal instrumental support in the aftermath of institutional care were identified as key turning points towards resilience. Key Practitioner Messages: Multiple factors across the ecology influence the resilience of survivors of institutional childhood abuse (ICA).Resilience strategies for survivors of ICA are contextual and may appear maladaptive to practitioners unfamiliar with the cultural context of this abuse.For Irish emigrant survivors of ICA, problem‐focused coping, defiance, altruism, social inclusion, instrumental support and a social identity not defined by childhood abuse enhanced resilience.Resilience is dynamic and emerges over time for adult survivors of chronic childhood abuse. 'Explores the influence of resilience‐enhancing factors across the social ecology on the mental wellbeing... of Irish emigrant survivors of institutional childhood abuse' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue including one by Wager on research on adult survivors of childhood abuse, one by Hutchfield and Coren on treating victims of child abuse and one by Roberts on perpetrators of child abuse.

This paper has been inspired by the processes of preparing for ethical scrutiny and seeking ethical approval for a series of studies examining causal mechanisms that might facilitate sexual revictimisation. The focus here is on just four of the issues that arose in the context of the first study: a web-based survey. One of the aims of the survey is to test whether victims of child sexual abuse who experienced a period of psychogenic or dissociative amnesia demonstrate an exaggerated risk for adolescent/adult sexual assault during this amnesic phase. That is, cases where survivors report 'suddenly remembering' in adulthood that they were abused as children, but state that prior to this 'remembering' they had no prior knowledge of their abuse. The study design is considered to be the first ethical issue. To enhance the methodological robustness a strategy has been employed to reduce the erroneous inclusion of currently amnesic participants in the non-abused comparison group. Secondly, consideration is given to the likely harms and benefits that might be incurred or bestowed upon the participants. Thirdly, problems of both re-traumatisation and vicarious traumatisation in relation to the researcher are contemplated and juxtaposed against the possibility of the facilitation of post-traumatic growth and a personal shift towards wisdom and generativity. Finally, the survey title was originally criticised as negating 'fully' informed consent and a defence is therefore offered that ultimately gained ethical approval. It is hoped that these deliberations and insights may prove useful to others in planning their own research and ethics proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the study was to understand the adjustment capacity of sexually abused girls in the age group 13-18 years in Kolkata, India. The study also attempted to understand how the sexually abused girls perceived the psychological interventions, i.e. individual and group counselling, which they had received. A group of 120 sexually abused Indian girls and 120 non-sexually abused Indian schoolgirls residing in Kolkata Metropolitan City and its suburbs were studied. Findings revealed that the majority of the sexually abused girls came from nuclear and poor families (93.3%) with a low educational background. More than two-thirds (73.3%) were lured with promises of job prospects, marriage and a better life and then abused sexually. Emotional and social adjustment capacity of sexually abused and non-sexually abused girls differed significantly (p < 0.05). Overall, the perception of more than two-thirds of the sexually abused girls of the rehabilitation homes they lived in was found to be positive. Further, the girls who reported they gained considerably from counselling had a better adjustment capacity compared to those who reported they did not benefit from counselling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies key themes from research into programme fidelity of sexual abuse prevention programmes. It presents a detailed analysis of programme fidelity within a study of the Tweenees school-based abuse prevention programme (Barron and Topping, ). The paper reports how programme fidelity was addressed in a programme delivered to survivors of child sexual abuse by experienced survivor organisation workers. There was also study of programme fidelity in the delivery of the programme to grade-seven pupils through co-working between survivor organisation workers and teachers. Video was taken of all four sessions delivered to the survivors' group. To begin to explore programme fidelity when lessons were co-delivered by survivor organisation workers and a teacher, the first session of a grade-seven class was videoed. Survivor organisation workers achieved high levels of programme fidelity characterised by facilitative communicative behaviours (e.g. affirming responses, seeking clarification, checking understanding and summarising). The grade-seven teacher's communication was characterised by a behaviour management focus. Video analysis of interactions was a useful measure for programme fidelity and analysing appropriate communication underpinning delivery of the programme. Recommendations for future programme fidelity measures are provided for researchers and practitioners in the field. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adult survivors of institutional abuse were interviewed with a comprehensive assessment protocol which included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Institutional Child Abuse Processes and Coping Inventory, the Structured Clinical Interviews for Disorders of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV axis I disorders and personality disorders, the Trauma Symptoms Inventory, a Life Problems Checklist, the Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory and the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. Profiles were identified for subgroups that described severe sexual (N = 60), physical (N = 102), or emotional (N = 85) abuse as their worst forms of maltreatment. Survivors of severe sexual abuse had the most abnormal profile, which was characterised by higher rates of all forms of child maltreatment and higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol and substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder, trauma symptoms and life problems. Survivors of severe emotional abuse were better adjusted than the other two groups. The profile of survivors of severe physical abuse occupied an intermediate position between the other two groups. A thorough assessment of abuse history and current functioning should be conducted when providing services to adult survivors of institutional abuse, since this may have important implications for the intensity of services required. Survivors of severe sexual abuse may require more intensive services. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medically unexplained physical symptoms and disorders in women sexually abused in childhood are widely interpreted as somatization—the expression of emotional pain and stress through bodily symptoms. However, the somatization theory is not based on detailed knowledge of the abusive incidents, and may underestimate the direct effects of violence and injury, repeated over years, to children's developing bodies. When adult survivors fully describe their childhood abuse, the extent of violence involved becomes clear. For example, their accounts of oral abuse invite us to reconsider how ‘psychogenic’ conditions like paradoxical vocal cord dysfunction or temporomandibular disorders may have come about. This also raises the important issue of whether paradoxical vocal chord dysfunction should be reclassed as an abnormal and suspicious sign in children. The paper outlines several forms of research which may elucidate further the role of physical damage and injury in adult survivors' physical disorders, including prospective studies; retrospective studies in collaboration with sexual abuse survivors; and comparative studies of international literature on the long-term physical health effects of torture and child marriage. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction to the journal is presented that focuses on issues related to child maltreatment around the world, including the association of exposure to different types of child maltreatment and the development of substance use disorders later in life, association between child maltreatment and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and media coverage of child abuse cases in China.

This study aimed to explore the role of parental aggression and parental childhood maltreatment experience in the maltreatment of children in Zhejiang Province, eastern China. The study sites were two urban and two rural schools. Children aged ten to 16 years and their parents completed separate questionnaires, which included: parental childhood maltreatment; parental aggressive tendency; and maltreatment of children. Questionnaires were completed by 611 parents and 821 children. Fifty‐eight per cent of parents reported maltreatment of their children. Higher parental aggression scores were associated with an increased risk for all types of child maltreatment (relative risk ratios (RRRs) or odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.06–1.07 for each point higher on the aggression scale). Parental childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with an increased risk of moderate/severe physical maltreatment of children (OR = 1.80 (1.08, 3.00)); parental aggression was an explanatory factor for this association. Parental childhood maltreatment was positively associated with emotional maltreatment of children (OR = 1.89 (1.27, 2.83)). This was partly explained by parental aggression. In conclusion, high levels of child maltreatment were admitted by parents in China, suggesting the need for parenting education. Parents with a higher aggressive tendency were more likely to maltreat children. Parental aggressive tendency was an explanatory factor for the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment, indicating the possibility of identifying parents' aggressive tendencies for early prevention. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 'Explore[s] the role of parental aggression and parental childhood maltreatment experience in the maltreatment of children in Zhejiang Province' Key Practitioner Messages: Child maltreatment of all types is common in China. What is especially striking is the finding that nearly a fifth of parents admitted to moderate/severe maltreatment of their children.Parents with a higher aggressive tendency were more likely to use all types of maltreatment with their children.Parental aggression was an explanatory factor for the intergenerational transmission of moderate/severe physical maltreatment and emotional maltreatment. 'Child maltreatment of all types is common in China' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although researchers now concede that one in six men experiences childhood sexual abuse (CSA), this population remains understudied in both the empirical and clinical literature. Little is known about the characteristics of males' CSA experiences (e.g. duration, child‐perpetrator relationship) and about resilient functioning. This study described young adult males' abuse experiences during childhood and their current adaptive functioning. Participants were recruited from across North America through websites geared specifically for males with CSA histories. The sample included 46 males aged 17–25 years who anonymously completed an online questionnaire. Findings indicated that males tended to experience severe CSA, including early age of onset, invasive sexual acts and the use of perpetrator force. Males also reported the co‐occurrence of other forms of childhood maltreatment and adversity, including parental conflict, neglect, physical abuse and emotional maltreatment. Finally, males reported lower rates of resilience on standardised measures, compared with adult community samples in North America. However, scores were consistent with clinical age‐based norms for adolescents with trauma histories. This study contributes to the growing awareness of male CSA, multiple victimisation and its diverse outcomes. Implications of these findings for future research and clinical practice are considered. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ‘Contributes to the growing awareness of male CSA, multiple victimisation and its diverse outcomes’ Key Practitioner Messages: The experiences of CSA among males were found to be severe and to occur alongside other forms of victimisation and adversity. Males with CSA histories experienced difficulties in their adaptation, in terms of coping with stress and functioning across work, school and interpersonal spheres. It is important that practitioners consider the serious impact of male CSA across multiple areas of functioning and inquire about other forms of victimisation when working with this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Practitioner Messages:: Historic (non‐recent) child abuse investigations need to consider the effects of investigative processes on victims and survivors. Such investigations include those undertaken by the police and by the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA). Victim and survivor accounts need to be taken seriously and investigated thoroughly in order for victims/survivors not to feel let down by, and disconnected from, criminal justice and IICSA processes. ‘Historic (non‐recent) child abuse investigations need to consider the effects of investigative processes on victims and survivors’ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article will offer an historical perspective on the origins of institutionalised care for children in Ireland during 1914 to 2000; the relevant period of inquiry for the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse (CICA) (2009a), commonly known in Ireland as the Ryan Report. This includes an account of the concerns and extent of the abuse of children and the responses to a number of these concerns. The article presents a socio-cultural analysis of how and why the Irish Roman Catholic Church (IRCC) during the 20th century perpetuated the abuse of children in the care of its institutions. The rise of Ireland's new state of independence, following release from British rule, saw the emergence of a new power for the IRCC, in addition to a reinforced sexual morality for the people. The culture of honour towards the Church and its agents, together with the collusion of state agents themselves, permeates testimonies of victims and survivors in the CICA (2009c) inquiry. The article considers the power and control of this ecclesiastical authority, its relation to state affairs, governance over family life and particularly its impact on children. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Messages Cultures of obedience and the unchallenged power of religious institutions may compromise the safety and wellbeing of children., Deficit thinking in public debates on child clerical abuse needs to shift to a more enlightened and progressive understanding of the problem. Properly resourced and managed staff providing institutional care for children is critical in meeting their sometimes complex needs, or simply, to ensure that staff have a kind disposition to children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review shares the ‘literature path’ we followed in developing our ideas about how attachment theory can inform clinical work with abused children and adults. A short outline of the early work in the field is followed by a description of research that is relevant to clinical work with children and families in the field of child abuse and child protection. We then focus on those concepts and findings from research we have found most relevant to our own work with victims of child sexual abuse, their parents and carers, and with adult survivors. In our experience, a parallel theme is the effect of working in this field on professionals' own attachment systems, and the necessity to be aware of the interplay between the individual professional's response, the role of the organization and the ability to make useful clinical interventions. This review therefore includes some material about professional attachment systems and caregiving. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the book “Introduction to Counselling Survivors of Interpersonal Trauma,” by Christiane Sanderson.

The article reviews the book "Why Me? A Programme for Children and Young People Who Have Experienced Victimization," by S. Keen and colleagues.