1. [1]Benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene-Phthalocyanine Derivatives: A Subclass of Solution-Processable Electron-Rich Hole Transport Materials
- Author
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Gloria Zanotti, Alessandro Sanzone, Nicola Angelini, Daniela Caschera, Sara Pescetelli, Luca Beverina, Adiel Mauro Calascibetta, Beatrice Berionni Berna, Aldo Di Carlo, Giovanna Pennesi, Anatoly Petrovich Sobolev, Giuseppe Mattioli, Anna Maria Paoletti, Antonio Agresti, Zanotti, G, Angelini, N, Mattioli, G, Paoletti, A, Pennesi, G, Caschera, D, Sobolev, A, Beverina, L, Calascibetta, A, Sanzone, A, Di Carlo, A, Berionni Berna, B, Pescetelli, S, and Agresti, A
- Subjects
Materials science ,hole transport ,phthalocyanines ,010402 general chemistry ,perovskite solar cells ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Molecular film ,Perovskite (structure) ,Organic electronics ,010405 organic chemistry ,business.industry ,Doping ,Photovoltaic system ,photovoltaic devices ,Benzothiophene ,General Chemistry ,perovskite solar cell ,0104 chemical sciences ,organic electronics ,Organic semiconductor ,chemistry ,organic electronic ,Phthalocyanine ,Optoelectronics ,business ,photovoltaic device - Abstract
The [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) planar system was used to functionalize the phthalocyanine ring aiming at synthesizing novel electron-rich π-conjugated macrocycles. The resulting ZnPc-BTBT and ZnPc-(BTBT)4 derivatives are the first two examples of a phthalocyanine subclass having potential use as solution-processable p-type organic semiconductors. In particular, the combination of experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations suggests compatible energy level alignments with mixed halide hybrid perovskite-based devices. Furthermore, ZnPc-(BTBT)4 features a high aggregation tendency, a useful tool to design compact molecular films. When tested as hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells under 100 mA cm-2 standard AM 1.5G solar illumination, ZnPc-(BTBT)4 gave power conversion efficiencies as high as 14.13 %, irrespective of the doping process generally required to achieve high photovoltaic performances. This work is a first step toward a new phthalocyanine core engineerization to obtain robust, yet more efficient and cost-effective materials for organic electronics and optoelectronics.
- Published
- 2020