1. Chlorine levels and species in fine and size resolved atmospheric particles by X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy analysis in Beijing, China
- Author
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Diandou Xu, Lei Zheng, Guosheng Yang, Lingling Ma, Qing Huo, Jie Ouyang, Min Luo, Yi-Dong Zhao, Zhen-Feng Cai, and Tian-Dou Hu
- Subjects
China ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Air pollution ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Beijing ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Chlorine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Precipitation ,Particle Size ,Spectroscopy ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Air Pollutants ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Seasonality ,Particulates ,medicine.disease ,Pollution ,X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Particulate Matter ,Seasons ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
An understanding of the species of chlorine is crucial in the metropolis-Beijing, which is suffering serious haze pollution with high frequency. Particulate Matters (PMs) with five different sizes were collected in Beijing from July 2009 to March 2016, and characterized non-destructively by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. PM 2.5 contributed for the major PMs mass in spring and summer, PM0.5-1.0 and PM1.0-2.5 contributed for the major PMs mass in autumn and winter. The concentrations of the three chlorine species were in the order of inorganic chlorine (Clinorg) > aliphatic chlorine (Clali) > aromatic chlorine (Claro), indicating that Clinorg constituted the primary chlorine fraction and less toxic Clali constituted the primary total organic chlorine (Clali + Claro, abbreviated as Clorg) in the PMs in Beijing. In addition, these three chlorine species exhibited identical seasonal variation in PM2.5: winter > autumn > spring > summer. Wet precipitation is an important factor to result in the lower mass concentrations of these three chlorine species in summer. The temporal variations of both size resolved PM mass concentrations and chlorine species concentrations suggested that the air pollution prevention and control in Beijing has just won initial success.
- Published
- 2017