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Environmental remediation evinces sensitive detection and elimination of contaminants from the environment. Recent investigations delineate nanomaterials as potentially useful agents in environment remediation. In this investigation, we have developed multifunctional CdO‐ZnO nanocomposite (NCs) for efficient degradation of organic dyes and sensitive detection of nitrite ions which also exhibits excellent luminescence and antioxidant properties. The CdO‐ZnO NCs were developed through a facile method which improved the yield quantity by decreasing the energy consumption there by reducing the cost. Thus synthesized CdO‐ZnO NCs were characterized through X‐ray diffraction, FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, EDX studies. These studies confirmed the successful formation of CdO‐ZnO composite and the average particle size of the NCs was found to be ~50 nm. Selective reduction of harmful industrial organic dyes from the water bodies is one of the important aspects of water pollution. As prepared CdO‐ZnO NCs degraded the MB dye completely in 30 min under visible light irradiation. The effect of various parameters such as catalytic load, dye concentration and pH on the degradation of dye was assessed and the NCs exhibited maximum degradation efficiency at 25 mg of catalytic load and alkaline pH of 11. The photoluminescence studies reveal that the NCs have inherent excellent luminescence property by exhibiting the emission band at 277 and 282 nm. From electrochemical studies, the CdO‐ZnO NCs proclaimed magnificent nitrite sensing property with the LOD value of 9.8 μM. Additionally, antioxidant studies disclosed that NCs remarkably scavenged the DPPH free radicals with IC50 value of 249 μg/mL. Thus, this study establishes simple method for the development of efficient mixed oxide material CdO‐ZnO for multifunctional properties that could find industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium‐doped zinc oxide (Ce‐ZnO) nanocones with cerium concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 % were synthesized using a sol‐gel method. Their effectiveness as photocatalysts for degrading dyes such as Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene Orange (MO), and Methylene Violet (MV) was evaluated. The optical and structural properties, particle size distribution, and morphology of these nanocones were examined using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectrophotometry. XRD results confirmed that the nanocones were highly crystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure, and a noticeable blue shift was observed in the Ce‐doped ZnO nanocones compared to pure ZnO. The photocatalytic performance under UV exposure showed that cerium doping significantly improved the degradation of RhB, MO, and MV. Notably, ZnO nanocones doped with 1 % cerium exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 100 % degradation of RhB within 60 minutes. Additionally, 1 % Ce‐ZnO nanocones demonstrated degradation efficiencies of 86.3 % for MO and 74.9 % for MV within the same time frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MIL‐53(Fe)‐GO composite photocatalysts were successfully fabricated via a simple solid‐phase synthesis strategy, and they were applied as efficient visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts for the oxidation of organic dyes and the reduction of Cr(VI). The experimental results demonstrated that MIL‐53(Fe)‐GO composites exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activities compared with the pure MIL‐53(Fe) sample. Based on the photoelectrochemical analyses, the loading of GO could enhance visible‐light absorption and accelerate the separation and transfer of charge carries, leading to the improvement of photocatalytic performance. Moreover, more intimate interfacial contact and active sites in the system could be achieved via a simple solid‐phase synthesis strategy. They could also play important role in the enhancement of photocatalytic performance. Besides, a possible photocatalytic mechanism was also investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore how altering solvothermal duration influences the characteristics of the resulting products, spanning crystal structure, band gap energy, morphology, and photocatalytic performance. Bismuth‐rich oxyiodide was synthesized via the solvothermal method by dissolving Bi(NO3)3 ⋅ 5H2O and KI in ethylene glycol. The mixture underwent heating in a Teflon autoclave stainless steel at 120 °C for durations of 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Analysis using FTIR revealed the presence of Bi−O and I−O bonds. Diffractograms indicated that all products exhibited traits of Bi4O5I2, with slight traces of Bi5O7I. Distinct band gap energies were observed across the solvothermal durations: 2 eV for 6 hours, 2.08 eV for 12 hours, and 1.89 eV for both 24 and 48 hours, delineating temporal nuances in product properties. Noteworthy, the morphology of the 12 hour variant revealed surface pores, indicative of intricate structural features. Notably, the 12 hour product exhibited the pinnacle of photocatalytic efficacy in methyl orange decolorization under UV light. Furthermore, investigations into photocatalyst mass variations and the inclusion of additional dyes, such as rhemazol black B, further elucidated the robust photocatalytic potential inherent in the B12 variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fields of biomedicine and catalysis have both shown a great deal of interest in copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). Green synthesis methods are being frequently employed to develop highly active CuONPs. This research investigates the potential photocatalytic and antibacterial applications of two CuONPs that were synthesized utilizing extracts from Dillenia indica (D‐CuONPs) and Mikania micrantha (M‐CuONPs) leaves. Analysis using electron microscopy revealed that CuONPs are uniformly spherical and average size around 15 nm. The development of single‐phase CuONPs with a monoclinic structure is shown by X‐ray diffraction studies. The FTIR peaks at 695 cm−1 and 860 cm−1 represent a stretching of Cu−O, signifying the formation of CuO nanostructure. The EDX profiles stated that the CuONPs are correlated with compliantly intensified Cu and O signals. Under solar irradiation, around 90 % of congo red (CR) dye was degraded by both CuONPs in 120 min, with the rate constants of 0.0187 and 0.0174 min−1, respectively. Furthermore, CuONPs have excellent antibacterial activity against bacteria belonging to both Gram classes. Overall, CuONPs hold great potential for inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and for degrading organic dyes in the presence of sunlight. As such, they can be manufactured on a large scale using plant sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present a one‐pot synthetic approach for the preparation of metal oxide nanocomposites. Our investigation combines various analytical techniques, including FTIR, XRD, UV‐vis DRS, PL, XPS, SEM, EDX, and XANES, to comprehensively identify heterogeneous structures: SnO2‐CuO, CuO‐SnO2, NiO‐TiO2, and TiO2‐NiO. These metal oxide‐linked semiconductor solids serve as catalysts for dye photodegradation and exhibit remarkable biological activity. Our research is centered on exploring the photocatalytic potential of SnO2‐CuO nanocomposites while emphasizing the optimization of their photocatalytic and biological activities. This optimization is achieved through the careful incorporation of an ideal quantity of SnO2, as confirmed by EDX data, which reveals the composition as follows: O: 78.58 weight percent (0.525 keV), Cu: 12.61 weight percent (0.954 keV), and Sn: 8.81 weight percent (0.400 keV). Notably, under direct sunlight irradiation, the degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B dye surpasses that of pristine CuO, SnO2, TiO2, and NiO nanoparticles. Additionally, we explore the antimicrobial properties of these prepared samples at varying concentrations (50, 100, and 150 μl) against the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Our findings highlight their effectiveness as antimicrobial agents. This research offers a promising method for developing highly active metal‐oxide‐linked nanomaterials, suitable for efficiently removing organic dye contaminants from water systems and showing great potential in antimicrobial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic nanoparticles with synergistic effects revealed much higher catalytic activity than respective monometallic materials. This review describes bimetallic nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles, combined with the other transition elements, such as Ag−Fe, Ag−Co, Ag−Ni, and Ag−Cu, as an enhanced catalytically active material. The coverage is given to the various methods of preparation, in which factors responsible for different structures of bimetallic nanoparticles are thoroughly discussed. Lastly, we explore the use of bimetallic nanoparticles as a catalyst for the degradation of numerous organic pollutants that contribute to water pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current research, new metal complexes have been synthesized by using the greener synthetic approach in which 3‐Nitroaniline reacts with the elements of group‐IIB and group‐IVB. According to this method, ligand and metals were dissolved in 1,4‐dioxane and stirred at room temperature for a specific time period. The method for the preparation of metal‐base complexes is quite simple and cost‐effective. To identify the synthesized compounds various physio‐chemical analytical techniques were used such as Melting point, FT‐Raman Spectroscopy, FT‐IR Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) that provide significant data about the general structural characteristics of synthesized compounds. The percentage degradation efficiency of synthetic dyes was obtained as 57 %, 66 %, and 97 % using the synthesized compounds as photocatalysts. A statistical tool, RSM was used for the optimization of parameters (Concentration of Dye, Dose of Catalyst, and contact time). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the surface of pyrolyzed coconut coir (PCC) dust has been functionalized using atmospheric plasma under non‐equilibrium conditions without utilizing vacuum chambers. The reactive species present in the plasma such as, molecular ions, electrons, and radicals interact with PCC's surface, leading to the introduction of epoxy, carbonyl and amino functional groups on carbon surface. The resulting plasma functionalized carbon (PFC) material was characterized using several advanced material characterization techniques, including PXRD, FTIR, XPS, N2 BET specific surface area, SEM and TEM imaging techniques, etc. Moreover, it has been used in diverse applications in toxic gas removal (CO2, CO, NOx), fluoride (F−) removal from drinking water and cationic organic dye (methylene blue–MB) removal. The reported method for synthesis of functional carbon introduces a platform technology for low carbon footprint, green synthesis of advanced functional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) nanoflowers were anchored onto kaolinite nanosheets via a calcination method. Assisted by characterization methods including XRD, SEM, and XPS, the microstructures of photocatalysts were comparatively investigated. The findings revealed a close integration of BiOBr nanoflowers with kaolinite, resulting in a gradual phase transition and augmented surface oxygen. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance was assessed by investigating the degradation of organic dyes under visible light irradiation. Notably, the experimental results demonstrated that the degradation efficiencies of BiOBr/kaolinite composites were higher than that of pure BiOBr. The ⋅O2− was proven to be the major active radical in the photocatalytic process. This study presents a straightforward approach for fabricating BiOBr‐based photocatalysts, showcasing their enhanced performance in organic dye degradation under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the various anti‐counterfeiting solutions, fluorescent compounds gained attention as challenging to copy solutions because of astute technological improvements. However, fluorescent compound usage in counterfeit detection is limited due to high price of rare earth metals, the low photostability of pigments or organic dyes, and the long‐term toxicity of conventional semiconductor quantum dots. Herein lies the value of carbon dot, a very stable, reasonably priced, and environmentally friendly material with intriguing features. In this work the development of blue fluorescent, N‐doped carbon dots (NCD) from waste bamboo stem cuttings via hydrothermal route is presented as an environmentally friendly approach to reduce the risk of toxic gas evolution from burning of bamboo waste. The carbon dot's practical application in anti‐counterfeit printing was ascertained by comprehending it's superior properties, such as high water solubility, eco‐friendliness, dazzling fluorescence, and surface functionalization through various characterization techniques. Inkjet printing of the designs on paper substrate using the aqueous NCD ink displayed reversible encryption‐decryption ability through variation of pH. The development paves the way for value‐added utilization of waste bamboo cuttings in fluorescent ink production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we synthesized biochar/iron oxide composite (C/α‐Fe2O3/γ‐Fe2O3) by two‐step calcination method. The prepared C/α‐Fe2O3/γ‐Fe2O3 had a highly pure and a concentration ratio of α‐Fe2O3 and γ‐Fe2O3 about 1 : 1. The optical properties of as‐synthesized C/α‐Fe2O3/γ‐Fe2O3 show a lower bandgap energy (1.90 eV) than that of pure C/α‐Fe2O3 (2.02 eV). The effects of different biochar composite catalysts on the removal of amino black were investigated. Upon illumination, the total removal rate of amino black dye by C/α‐Fe2O3/γ‐Fe2O3 catalyst reached 98 %, which was about 1.7 times that of C/α‐Fe2O3. In addition, the coercivity and the remanence intensity of C/α‐Fe2O3/γ‐Fe2O3 is respectively 1.81 times and 7.17 times that of C/α‐Fe2O3. The catalyst could be magnetically separated and reused for five times with a slight loss of its reactivity. The study of biochar composite provides a new direction for the removal of toxic organic dye in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present a novel method for immobilizing Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) support (Pd NPs@PDMS). To enhance the stability of Pd NPs on the PDMS surface, we functionalized a PDMS thin film with amine groups. The structure and morphology of the resulting Pd NPs@PDMS material were characterized using various techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Furthermore, we investigated the catalytic performance of the Pd NPs@PDMS nanocatalyst for the reduction of well‐known environmental pollutants, such as 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), 2‐nitrophenol (2‐NP), 4‐nitroaniline (4‐NA), Methyl Orange (MO), Methylene Blue (MB), and Congo Red (CR), in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) at room temperature (RT). Additionally, we explored the application of the prepared nanocatalyst in carbon‐carbon (C−C) coupling reactions, specifically Suzuki Miyaura and Sonogashira reactions. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the high efficiency and environmentally friendly nature of Pd NPs@PDMS as a catalyst for both C−C coupling reactions and the degradation of organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron oxide and its carbon‐containing biochar have shown efficiencies in Fenton oxidation reactions in recent years. Though magnetic biochar composites have been reported, developing facile, environment‐friendly methods with appropriate activity remains challenging. Removing dye traces from aqueous solutions is a prime concern under water scarcity issues at different levels. We developed a catalyst of biochar with magnetite for dye remediation. Magnetite is homogeneously loaded on biochar surfaces to form Fe3O4‐biochar to efficiently activate H2O2 to achieve hydroxyl radicals. This catalyst degrades Fast green dye efficiently around 89.3 % within 60 min with the optimum reaction conditions of 15 mM Fast Green dye, pH=4, 30 mg of Fe3O4‐biochar and 25 mM of H2O2. The composite shows around 41 % increase in the degradation rate after incorporating the Fe3O4 on biochar. The prepared Fe3O4‐biochar composite can be easily recycled without significant activity loss for five successive degradation reactions. The reported study provided a direction to prepare newer Fenton catalysts from sustainable sources for the degradation of organic dyes in water and overcame individual limitations of Fe3O4 and biochar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a notable surge of interest in the field of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in recent years due to their remarkable performance in indoor/ambient and diffused light conditions. A significant portion of these highly efficient indoor DSSCs employs organic dyes based on triphenylamine. In this study, we present the findings of our investigation on two metal‐free D‐π‐A organic dyes, namely triphenylamine (YK 10) and hexyloxy‐substituted triphenylamine (YK 11), serving as electron donors. These dyes feature a 3,3′′‐dioctyl‐2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene π‐spacer and cyanoacetic acid as the anchoring group. In order to comprehensively assess the relationship between the molecular structure, physical properties, and solar cell performance, we conducted in‐depth analysis involving photophysical, electrochemical, and theoretical studies. Our results indicate that these dyes possess the ability to effectively capture light within the visible spectrum and exhibit suitable energetic characteristics for efficient electron injection and dye regeneration. Through the utilization of density functional theory (DFT) modeling, we explored the interfacial adsorption configuration of the dyes on the TiO2 semiconductor, revealing the involvement of the cyano group in the anchoring mechanism for both sensitizers. Moreover, the intramolecular S...CN interaction in these dyes was verified through topological quantum‐theory‐of‐atom‐in‐molecule (QTAIM) analysis, which facilitates additional intramolecular charge transfer pathways. The DSSCs incorporating YK 10 and YK 11 demonstrated power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 6.42 % and 6.22 %, respectively, under full sun illumination (100 mW/cm2). Remarkably, under both standard 1000 lux CFL and LED illumination conditions, YK 11 exhibited superior performance with PCEs of 8.29 % and 5.89 %, respectively, surpassing the efficiencies of YK 10, which achieved 7.50 % and 5.09 % efficiencies under the same conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a novel form of carboxylate comb‐like copolymers, SAM‐(m)PEG was prepared by polymerizing styrene (S), acrylic (A), and maleic anhydride (M) to obtain a random copolymer labeled SAM. SAM was then esterified using either polyethylene glycol (PEG) or methyl PEG (mPEG), a waterborne polymer dispersant for dispersing and stabilizing C.I. Pigment Yellow 180 (PY 180). The structures of SAM‐(m)PEG and the ground suspension of PY 180 were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a nanoparticle size analysis, and viscometry. The effects of different branch chains, synthetic formulas, and grinding conditions on the dispersibility of SAM‐(m)PEG were evaluated. In addition, the optical properties of the pigments were investigated after ultrafine grinding. The adsorption mechanism between the SAM‐(m)PEG dispersants and PY 180 particles is also discussed. SAM‐PEG6002 outperformed the other SAM‐(m)PEG dispersants owing to its excellent dispersion and stability. When used as the dispersant, the average particle size (Z‐average) of PY 180 after grinding was 264.6 nm, and the particle size distribution became narrow (PDI=0.089). Moreover, SAM‐PEG6002 effectively maintained the color performance of the pigment, and the product was successfully applied to the pigment coating. Therefore, SAM‐PEG6002 is an effective waterborne polymer dispersant for organic pigments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, cobalt activated TiO2 photocatalyst have been successfully prepared on graphene oxide (GO) using simple and cost‐effective method to prepare Co‐TiO2/GO nanocomposites for the photocatalytic treatment of methylene blue (MB), representative organic dye, under visible light irradiation. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV‐vis diffused reflectance spectra (DRS), Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The characterization results confirmed that Co‐TiO2 catalyst is decorated on the graphene oxide. The photocatalytic efficiency of Co‐TiO2/GO for the degradation of MB was also improved by changing the proportion between Co‐TiO2 and GO. Highest photocatalytic activity was observed for Co‐TiO2 loaded with 5 wt % GO (88.7 %) compared with neat Co‐TiO2 (43.4 %) after 180 min of visible light irradiation. Furthermore, degradation by products was analyzed on Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (QTOF/LCMS) and the possible degradation pathway was proposed. It is investigated that the Co‐TiO2/GO nanocomposite has potential use in the catalytic degradation of organic contaminants under visible light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic dye‐contained wastewater is a major threat to the global environment and public health. In this study, natural wood and MoS2 are combined to create effective photocatalysts for removing organic pollutants from water under light irradiation. The results show that the photocatalytic degradation activity of wood/MoS2 composites are obviously superior to that of natural wood under solar light as well as possess outstanding stability after three reaction cycles. The improvement in photocatalytic performance for photodegradation is primarily due to an increase in specific surface area and the introduction of catalytic active sites from the edge S, which favors adsorption of organic pollutants and accelerates the degradation process. The synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis also ensures that the composited catalyst is highly universal in its application to organic dye degradation, including RhB (Rhodamine B), MB (Methylene Blue), and MO (Methyl Orange); the kinetic constant for the photocatalytic degradation of RhB, MO, and MB are 0.040, 0.035, and 0.032 min−1, respectively and the degradation performance can be well maintained after three cycle tests. Our study has proved that the wood/MoS2 composite is a novel, low‐cost photocatalyst that plays an important role in environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles via a green method has obtained a vast attention because of its simplicity, eco‐friendliness, less toxicity and cost‐effectiveness. In this present study, silver nanoparticle has been synthesized via the mixture of tea leaf and aloe vera leaf extract at room temperature. The synthesized silver nanoparticle was characterized in detail. Dynamic Light Scattering analysis shows an average particle size of 90 nm. The polyphenolic compounds present in the tea and aloe vera leaves act as the capping agent for the growth of synthesized nanoparticles. The isolated silver nanoparticles possess remarkable catalytic activity towards the degradation of organic dyes including methylene blue, methyl orange and rhodamine B. The catalyst also shows good cyclability for dye degradation along with chemical and structural stability. The present study suggests that silver nanoparticles synthesized by tea and aloe vera extract could be a potential stable catalyst for the degradation of various kinds of dyes and these types of plant extracts can be used to prepare efficient catalysts for various kinds of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the facile synthesis of photochromic donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) dyes featuring an azobenzene spacer with diphenylamine and dimethylamine as donor residues (DPAC and DMAC). We also investigate the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of these dyes and their application to dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The trans‐cis isomerization of the azobenzene bridge permits regulation of the photovoltaic behaviour in the DSSCs containing iodine‐ and cobalt‐based redox electrolytes. The iodidie/triiodidie redox shuttle is suitable for DMAC‐DSSCs, whereas the cobalt redox mediator is optimal for DPAC‐DSSCs. DMAC‐ and DPAC‐DSSCs yield power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 1.99 % and 1.08 % under one sun illumination, when the solar cells are at the photostationary (PS) state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic dyes are widely existing in the waste of printing and dyeing industry, which cannot be ignored due to their potential threats to human health and the environment. Development a useful and simple technology to prepare high‐performance adsorbent to purify the dyes from the wastewater is always a challenging. In this work, the freeze‐drying graphene (FG) is prepared through freeze‐drying process method. In addition, the structural and chemical characteristics between the FG and graphene were comparatively analyzed. The results show that compare to the reference graphene, the FG is a high‐efficiency adsorbent. The theoretical maximum undertakes of rhodamine B and methyl blue were 358.62 and 547.81 mg g−1. The influence and mechanism of affecting factors were investigated, such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature, to the adsorption. The results suggested that the adsorption of organic dyes on FG followed a homogeneous monolayer physical adsorption (HMPA) mechanism, and the adsorption rates were related to the number of unoccupied vacancies on the adsorbent surface. The characterization instruments of FTIR, XPS, and SEM‐EDS confirmed that the HMPA contains the formation of hydrogen‐bond and π–π interactions, electrostatic attraction, physical pore filling, and complexing adsorption. Our work, proposes a freeze‐drying graphene that is a promising candidate as high‐performance adsorbent to purify the dyes from the wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the giant significance of organic dyes in both analytical as well as supramolecular chemistry, here, we report an efficient and green methodology for the preparation of indicator dyes, namely fluorescein and phenolphthalein. This particular method involves an inexpensive, reusable, and biodegradable deep eutectic solvent (DES) of choline chloride (ChCl) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in a ratio of 1 : 2, to furnish the corresponding dyes with an appropriate stoichiometry of the easily accessible starting materials. Strikingly, in this procedure, DES played a two‐fold role both as a catalyst as well as solvent and was efficiently recycled for four successive runs with no substantial cascading in the yields of the anticipated products. This simple yet efficient environmentally realistic protocol, to our best knowledge, is the first method, whereby DES has been employed in the successful preparation of any dye molecule to date. Hopefully, this novel procedure for dye(s) synthesis will be of much importance not only from the researchers perspective, but it will also provide a new way for both undergraduate and postgraduate level experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have elucidated the details of the photodegradation of non‐fluorinated benzoindolenine‐based SQ dyes with low photostability in solution and proposed a hypothesis to improve their photostability. Based on the results, replacing all the hydrogen atoms on the benzoindolenine ring with fluorine atoms or methylation of the oxygen anions of the non‐fluorinated benzoindolenine SQ dye resulted in improvement of photostability. Furthermore, a preliminary investigation of the synthesized SQ dyes for organic photovoltaics revealed that the O‐methylated SQ dye with bulky fluorine‐containing anions provided a much higher Voc than similar benzoindolenine‐based SQ dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histidine tag (His‐tag) is a representative epitope tag, which has been widely used in the purification or immobilization of recombinant proteins. In this study, a novel probe CTPE‐IDA‐Ni2+ based on intramolecular rigidification induced emission for fluorescence detecting His‐tagged proteins is successfully developed and experimentally demonstrated. This detecting system is based on TPE derivative incorporated IDA‐Ni2+ moiety for real‐time detection of His‐tagged proteins. In the presence of His‐tagged proteins, the IDA‐Ni2+‐His‐tag complex was formed, which restricted the rotation of two phenyl rings linked with TPE and subsequently resulting in the fluorescence turn on. Results have shown that our probe could directly detect His‐tagged proteins with good selectivity and fast response within 10 min. In addition, we have proved that this system could be used in fluorescent labeling of His‐tagged protein instead of traditional Western blot assay with simple procedure, high quality and low background interference, as well as without aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) problems like some organic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of Cobalt ferrite‐Ocimum sanctum nanocomposite, referred to as CoFe2O4/OS, has been reported along with its application for the treatment of water containing hazardous organic contaminants. A simple co‐precipitation approach was applied for synthesis of magnetic nanocomposite, and a thorough analysis for its characterization was conducted using several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The characterization results showed that the magnetic nanocomposite exhibited substantial functional groups of Ocimum sanctum powder and magnetic ferrite part. The adsorption investigation of nanocomposite for removal of two cationic dyes was carried out with varying parameters, such as pH, contact time, temperature, concentration, and composite dosage. The sorption process was proved feasible and exothermic at the tested temperatures (303–323 K). The sorption data followed Freundlich and Temkin isotherms which recommended the physisorption progression. The kinetic study revealed a pseudo‐second order rate of sorption process for both dye molecules. The facile preparation, economical cost, significant magnetic character, and high sorption capacity will surely construct the water treatment system more competent with the use of CoFe2O4/OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensor for catechol (CC) detection was developed by immobilizing tyrosinase (TYR) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with sulfide minerals (SFMs) in the co‐adsorption of acridine orange (AO). The sensor employed natural SFMs as the substrate material and utilized AO as a molecular recognition probe to create synergy effect for TYR to detect catechol. The developed TYR/AO/SFMs/GCE biosensors were characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive analysis of X‐rays spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectra, X‐ray fluorescence, and electrochemical analysis. The results show that the sensors have excellent electrochemical activity for the detection of catechol (CC) under optimized conditions. The linear ranges were 0.1–50 μM, 0.1–10 μM, 0.1–50 μM and 0.1–100 μM for galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, respectively, with the detection limits of 1.18 μM, 0.29 μM, 0.54 μM and 0.68 μM, respectively. The sensors also have good reproducibility, stability, repeatability and anti‐interference ability. AO is essential to increase the adsorbed amount and provides suitable orientation of the adsorbed TYR on these sulfide minerals' surfaces. In consideration of cost‐effective and rich resources of sulfide minerals, easily physical adsorption method, combination of organic dye, minerals and enzymes, this strategy paves a new way to design other novel electrochemical biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental contamination due to organic pollutants including organic dyes (e. g. methylene blue (MB)) and paraquat (i. e. methyl viologen (MV)) has become a serious problem. Herein, the removal for toxic cations of methylene blue (MB+) and methyl viologen (MV2+) has been realized by a three‐dimensional (3D) anionic microporous metal‐organic framework, namely [Me2NH2][In(TDC)2] ⋅ 1.5DMA ⋅ H2O (FJSM‐InMOF). FJSM‐InMOF is capable of selectively adsorbing MB+ in the presence of various dyes due to the effects of size‐exclusion and charge‐matching. Particularly, the strategy of combining adsorption and photocatalytic degradation realizes the thorough treatment of MB+, which has been rarely reported. The adsorbent material can be easily regenerated and reused. Moreover, FJSM‐InMOF exhibits a high capacity and rapid kinetics towards more toxic MV2+. This work poses a new way for the selective removal of cationic organic pollutants and highlights the significance of combining different methods for the decontamination of organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary challenge in the design and synthesis of materials having higher affinity, rapid uptake, and superior adsorption capacity is to achieve the balance between performance and economy for real‐world application. The present study unfolded the synthesis of a regenerative framework adsorbent employing greener condition, that shows excellent performance with an ultrahigh adsorption capacity and 99 % removal efficiency for a range of water polluting contaminants, i. e., organic dyes of industrial importance. A pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model shows a favorable fit for the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir isotherm was found to be highest among many reports in the minimum concentration range, which directly indicates its outstanding efficiency even at lower contaminant concentration. The framework has good reusability and remarkable adsorption performance after being used for several repeated cycles. Consequently, the adsorption behavior of real effluent sample is also investigated using the current system. Additionally, artificial intelligence based on artificial neural network modeling has been executed successfully to estimate and model process parameters of dye removal by adsorption technique which results in mutual correlation between lab‐based techniques and neural based modeling for solving environmental concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of photoisomerization in the storage of electron energy, molecular actuators, and medical fields has attracted extensive attention. However, the difficult regulation of the photoisomeric process hinders its practical application. Here, we provide organic molecule (acid orange, AO7) with two different nano‐confined spaces by changing the interlayer spacing of layered double hydroxide (LDH). The obtained host‐guest AO7‐LDHs‐1 and AO7‐LDHs‐2 complexes show distinctly different photoisomeric behaviors. When the LDH spacing is 1.66 nm, the relative isomerization rate of AO7 is 34 %, while when the LDH spacing is 1.13 nm, the relative isomerization rate of AO7 is 13 %. This is because the isomerization rate of AO7 molecule can be reasonably controlled by the size of LDH nano‐microenvironment. This work provides a reference for the further study of the effect of nano‐space on the photoisomeric process of organic molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of visible light Z‐scheme Bi2O3‐Ag3PO4 composite photocatalyst was created in this work using a simple in‐situ precipitation process. On this basis, the morphology, optical properties and electrochemical performance of the photocatalyst were studied by N2 adsorption‐desorption analysis and XRD, FT‐IR, XPS, SEM, TEM, UV‐vis DRS, PL, EIS, and other characterization methods. To further explore the photocatalytic performance of the composites, visible light degradation experiments were carried out on the antibiotic TC and the organic dyes MB and MO. The results show that the 0.025BA composite material exhibits higher photocatalytic performance than other comparative samples. In addition, the 0.025BA composite after five cycles of experiments also has a satisfactory photodegradation rate. The active species capture experiment and ESR showed that the active species h+, ⋅O2− are the main factors affecting the photocatalytic degradation, and ⋅OH played a minor role. The intermediates and possible decomposition pathways of TC were illustrated through LC–MS technology. Finally, the possible photocatalytic reaction mechanism was speculated. On the whole, the high photocatalytic activity of the 0.025BA composite is perhaps the result of the formation of its Z‐scheme heterojunction, which enables fast transfer and high separation of photogenerated carriers at the heterojunction interface, and also accelerates the rate of redox reactions on electron‐hole pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A copper‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) Bis[5‐(2‐pyridyl)tetrazolato]diaquacopper(II) [{CuP}n], has been designed and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The three‐dimensional crystal structure belongs to the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z=4. Further a series of isostructural complexes [{Cu1‐xZnxP}n] (x=1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0), {P=(5‐(2‐pyridyl)tetrazolato)2.2H2O} have been synthesized via a facile one‐pot microwave irradiated solvothermal method. The optical and photocatalytic properties of the synthesized bimetallic complexes were investigated and compared with those of monometallic complexes. The effects of metal substitutions in the ligand backbone were investigated. A striking variation in the bandgap i. e. from 4.1 eV (x=1) to 2.79 eV (x=0) was observed among the catalysts with a minimum value of 1.93 eV (x=0.25). The optimized catalyst Cu0.75Zn0.25P exhibits the highest degradation activity and reached up to 99 % for RhB (rhodamine B) and 96 % for MB (methylene blue) in 120 min of Sunlight, corresponding to the respective photocatalytic degradation rates of 0.0328 min−1 and 0.0301 min−1. The kinetics of the degradation processes were best statistically described by pseudo‐first‐order. The catalyst was also found to have sufficient stability and recyclability with promising applications in removal of organic dye pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of aggregation on the photocatalytic behavior of two different water‐soluble phthalocyanines (Pcs) bearing four carboxylic‐acid‐functionalized thiophenyl groups, tetrathiophenycarboxyphthalocyanine (H2TCPc) and tetrathiophenycarboxyphthalocyaninato Zn(II) complex (ZnTCPc) have been investigated. The two compounds, H2TCPc and ZnTCPc, showed considerable solubility in water at pH ≈ 7.4, but were found to aggregate even at a concentration as low as 2.5×10−5 M. Two organic dyes, orange G (OG) and methyl orange (MO), were employed as test‐pollutants which were photodegraded in the presence of the Pcs, with and without Triton X‐100 (TX) surfactant. H2TCPc in the absence and presence of TX showed degradation efficiency (DE) of 5.80 and 8.70 % respectively, for OG degradation. For the same OG degradation, ZnTCPc as photocatalyst gave DE of 6.41 and 28.0 % in the absence and presence of TX, respectively. Whereas for the degradation of MO, H2TCPc DE values were respectively found to be 11.0 and 39.0 % in the absence and presence of TX, while ZnTCPc gave 13.3 and 66.0 %, respectively. The ZnTCPc showed considerable low aggregation compared to H2TCPc in the presence of TX, thus resulting in higher DE compared to that of the latter by a factor of 3.2 and 1.7 for OG and MO degradation, respectively. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ▵) obtained for the two Pcs support the observed DE values, and were measured to be 0.50 (50 %) and 0.12 (12 %) for the ZnTCPc and H2TCPc, respectively. The DFT/TDDFT calculated triplet yields for ZnTCPc (0.79) and H2TCPc (0.020), showed linear correlation with their experimental Φ▵ yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel series of the heterojunctions g‐CN/BBO(x) of g‐C3N4 (g‐CN) nanosheets decorated with spherical particles of BaBiO3 (BBO) were designed to enhance photocatalysis through interfacial charge transfer. The synthesized g‐CN/BBO(x) nanocomposites were characterized by various techniques such as XRD, FTIR, TEM, and SEM. Rhodamine B (RhB) dye and diclofenac sodium drug were taken as the model pollutants for the degradation under visible light. BBO facilitates the photocatalytic reaction after accepting electrons from the g‐CN. The g‐CN/BBO(30%) nanocomposite exhibits the best photocatalytic activity, which is 6.5 and 5 times higher than BBO and g‐CN, respectively. The enrichment in photodegradation is attributed to the combined effects of improved dye adsorption, visible light absorption, mobility of photogenerated carriers, and facial separation of electrons and holes (e−, h+) as supported by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This study provides new insight into the engineering, design, and stability of the g‐CN/BBO(x) heterojunction nanocomposite, as well as on its application and plausible mechanism for removal of harmful and detrimental pollutants such as RhB dye and diclofenac sodium drug under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A MOF named [(CH3)NH2] [H2N(CH3)2][ZnTNC4A] ⋅ 4H2O (ZnTNC4A) was synthesized by a resorcinol[4]arene functionalized tetracarboxylic acid ligand (TNC4A=2,8,14,20‐tetra‐1‐naphthalene‐6,12,18,24‐tetramethoxy‐4,10,16,22‐ tetracarboxyl‐methoxy‐resorin[4]arene). The three‐dimensional framework with one‐dimensional channels of ZnTNC4A was characterized by elemental analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, UV‐vis diffuse reflection spectrum, infrared spectrum and N2 adsorption analyse. In addition, ZnTNC4A shows the ability of selective adsorption of methylene blue with a pseudo‐second order kinetic model. The selective adsorption kinetics of a series of dyes showed that the ion exchanged separation process was related to the size and charge of organic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin is widely found in nature and attracts increasing concern as the renewable carbon material. In this work, hyper‐crosslinked lignin was successfully prepared and applied for adsorbing dyes such as rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR) in wastewater. The characteristics of the alkaline lignin and hyper‐crosslinked lignin were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N2 adsorption and desorption measurements. The results show that the hyper‐crosslinked lignin is composed of uniform and porous nanoparticles with smaller size as compared to the sheet and‐ block structure of alkaline lignin. The specific surface area and pore structure of the hyper‐crosslinked lignin have been greatly optimized, while retaining the functional groups on the surface of the alkali lignin. The Brunner‐Emmet‐Teller (BET) surface area of the hyper‐crosslinked lignin reaches up to 402.8 m2 ⋅ g−1, and the adsorption capacity of RhB is up to 1332 mg ⋅ g−1. The isotherm model and thermodynamic results indicate that the adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir model, mainly showing a single‐layer spontaneous chemical endothermic process. In addition, HCP−L showed good selective adsorption performance for cationic dyes with the adsorption amounts of 228 mg ⋅ g−1 for MB, while that of the anionic dye CR (89 mg ⋅ g−1) was comparatively low. The adsorption mechanism was hydrogen bonding and π‐π stacking in addition to the electrostatic effect caused by the negative charge on the surface of HCP−L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, high order aluminosilica monolith (HOASM) composite with high alumina content (Si/Al=1.5) was fabricated through a reproducible, simple, and one‐pot synthesis strategy. Achieved was a realistic control over the cubic Ia3d geometry of aluminosilica monoliths using microemulsion phases of copolymer P123 as soft templates. The geometrical and textural pore structures of the HOASM composite were characterized with various tools of EDX, FESEM, HRTEM, XRD and N2 isotherms. The quantity of aluminum species present in the walls of the silica pore structure has a substantial impact on the acidity of nanoadsorbent. The HOASM nanoadsorbent was used as a removal of Crystal violet (CV) from wastewater. A major contributing factor to the improvement of the coverage of the HOASM composite adsorbent surfaces were the multi‐directional pores (3D) and the mesostructural geometries of the aluminosilica adsorbent. The performance factors like temperature, adsorbent dose, concentration, pH, and contact period, were all examined to evaluate the CV dye adsorption. It was found that, at a pH of 8, the greatest CV dye adsorption on HOASM composite was achieved. The optimal concentration for CV adsorption was 1.5 mmol/g, and the adsorption isotherm matched the Langmuir model, though the adsorption kinetics were matched to a pseudo‐second‐order model. Thermodynamic experiments have shown that the CV dye adsorption on the HOASM composite is endothermic and spontaneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the dye source used in ancient coloured textiles is challenging, especially if little information is available on the raw materials or traditional recipes of the geographical area. This is the case of South American dye sources and particularly of yellow ones, the widest and highest photo‐sensitive class. In this work, Cosmos sulphureus, an annual plant whose flowers were used for dyeing in nuances of red to yellow, was analysed. The petal content was analysed by high‐pressure liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD) and high‐resolution mass spectrometer (HPLC‐HRMS) and sixteen compounds were identified, some of which had never been reported in Cosmos sulphureus. Not mordanted and mordanted yarns, dyed with Cosmos sulphureus petal extract and artificially aged, were analysed to assess the role played by the mordant and ageing. The information pointed at Cosmos sulphureus as the dye source in a yellow Chimú / Chancay textile (1000‐1047 AD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new technologies for the efficient degradation of toxic organic pollutants from water resources has received great attention. In this study, we described an effective method for the preparation of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) decorated on nitrogen rich ionic liquid (IL) modified magnetic nanoparticles and its application as the green and recoverable heterogeneous catalyst in the reductive degradation of organic dyes and reduction of nitro compounds. The Fe3O4/SiO2−IL−Pd nanocatalyst was characterized by several techniques namely, FT‐IR, FE‐SEM, EDX‐ elemental mapping, XRD, TEM, XPS, TGA and VSM. The Fe3O4/SiO2‐IL−Pd nanocatalyst was applied for the efficient reduction of structurally different nitroarenes, methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB) and methyl red (MR) in aqueous media using NaBH4 as reducing agent at room temperature. Using this catalyst nitroarenes were reduced to corresponding amines very efficiently and organic dyes reduced quantitatively under short reaction times. The catalyst can be recovered and recycled for at least ten runs without a notable decrease in the activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report describes the oxidative coupling reaction of dithiopyrimidines with phenylhydrazine hydrochlorides to synthesize a series of arylthiopyrimidine derivatives. The reaction does not require transition metals as catalysts, and uses organic dye rose bengal as photocatalyst and air as oxidant. The reaction conditions are mild and meet the requirements of green chemistry. In addition, the method has a wide scope of substrates and good tolerance of functional groups. The control experiment showed that the reaction may be a free radical mechanism, and the molecular weight of the intermediate was captured by high‐resolution mass spectrometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of a novel composite photocatalyst has gained great attention in the field of organic dye remediation. Herein, the PANI/Fe3O4 photocatalyst has been prepared using the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. The as‐prepared photocatalyst represents a denser and uniform morphology along with strong magnetic properties. The photocatalytic activity of the PANI/Fe3O4 was investigated for the degradation of Malachite Green (MG), Jakazol Kala (JK) and Levafix Red (LR). In the presence of PANI/Fe3O4 composite, the reaction rate constants were found to be 0.1997, 0.0521, and 0.1993 min−1 for MG, JK and LR, under UV‐light irradiation and 0.0522, 0.0491, 0.0544 min−1 under visible light irradiation, respectively. The nanocomposite can be easily separated from the treated water and reused several times. The suppression of electron recombination, the reduced bandgap and the broad light‐harvesting in both UV and visible‐light regions contribute to the advanced photocatalytic performance of the PANI/Fe3O4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel nonwoven‐fabric‐supported‐nano‐Ag (NWF/Ag) reactor was obtained via a mussel‐inspired in‐situ fabrication method. The resulting NWF/Ag features a high catalytic activity for the reduction reaction of organic dyes in the presence of sodium borohydride. More importantly, it is also feasible for the scale‐up catalysis in NWF/Ag‐assembled continuous‐flow reactors. Such a NWF/Ag catalyst preserves the fiber‐based three‐dimensional architecture to effectively drive the continuous‐flow catalysis reactions at unprecedented efficiency, benefiting from it the easy diffusion of dye molecules to access the active catalytic sites of nano‐Ag. Moreover, the resulting NWF/Ag composites can serve as versatile platforms to assemble continuous‐flow reactors in different shapes, sizes, and configurations to extend the catalysis applications. In this study, the catalytic reduction conversion of methylene blue can reach more than 98 % in 270 seconds using the NWF/Ag‐based channel‐type continuous‐flow reactor. It also preserves good catalytic reduction performance to other organic dyes, including methyl orange and acid orange 7. The NWF‐based platforms, combined with a rational designed approach of surface functionalization and hybridization, probably provide new insights into the catalytic reduction of organic dyes in a continuous‐flow way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate enhanced dye adsorption capacity of nanoclay by decoration with chromium‐based MOF (MIL‐101) nanostructure. The Clay/Cr‐MOF composite exhibits a crystalline structure with high thermal stability. Moreover, it shows the superior specific surface area (4959 m2/g) and porosity which is beneficial for wastewater treatment. The developed Clay‐MOF composite exhibits superb adsorption capacity toward various organic dyes as compared with existing materials. The adsorption experiments revealed high adsorption capacity and selective dye removal efficiency of MOF‐modified nanoclay with reusability for multiple regeneration cycles. The adsorption kinetics was found to obey the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. These findings provide new insights into the application of such porous adsorbents for wastewater treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetragonal zirconia (t‐ZrO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized by a green method using β‐cyclodextrin as stabilizer. The structural characterization of the prepared nanoparticles was done by X‐ray diffraction (XRD).The tetragonal crystalline structure of ZrO2 NPs was confirmed by XRD analysis. We employed the Rietveld method to refine the XRD data and the refinement result leads to specify the tetragonal phase of ZrO2 NPs with space group P 42/n m c. The FTIR spectrum gives the information about the presence of Zr−O bonding at 501 cm−1. Particle size and morphological properties were demonstrated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and elemental compositions were analysed using EDAX spectrum. The band gap energy was estimated using optical absorption spectroscopy and the value was found to be 3.99 eV. The UV (310 nm) and visible (401, 420 and 560 nm) emissions were observed from PL spectrum. Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller (BET) surface analysis was used for determining the surface area and average pore size of ZrO2 NPs.The photocatalytic degradation of the prepared ZrO2 NPs for organic dyes had been studied under visible light irradiation. Results showed that 68 % degradation was achieved within 135 min for Methylene Blue (MB) dye but other dyes almost remains unchanged during the same reaction times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supported metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have recently become a promising candidate for the degradation of environmental pollutants. In this work, we report the fabrication of highly catalytically active, surfactant‐free interconnected Au nanostructures directly on filter paper. The width of nanostructures is only a few nanometers and they contain high concentration of low‐coordination atoms. Our approach involves the immersion and evaporation of Au precursor solution on the filter paper and its subsequent reduction. This approach generates filter paper‐based gold substrates (FPGS) not only in a simple and straightforward fashion that can be executed in a matter of minutes but can also be easily scaled up for large‐scale production. Owing to their surfactant‐free nature, FPGS are well suited for the degradation of both cationic and anionic dyes by providing large unhindered surface for dye adsorption. The FPGS were able to completely degrade methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes and also showed excellent reusability and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]