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Naphthalocyanine metal complexes attached to chalcogen atoms between the naphthalocyanine ring and phenyl or alkyl groups were synthesized.

The synthesis of a new type of chromogenic calixarene, an indophenol- and binaphthylderived calix[4]crown 1, and its novel sensory system for the shape of butylamines, are described.

The equilibrium between the colorless lactone (L) and the colored zwitterion (Z) forms of the fluoran compound 1, which has been widely used as a typical black color former in data-recording systems, has been studied by 13C NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopies. Fluoran 1 showed no visible absorption in aprotic solvents, while a black color appeared in phenolic solvents. The 13C NMR and signal of the spiro carbon of 1 in CDCl3 appeared at 84.2 ppm, indicating that 1 exists substantially as L in aprotic solvents. In phenol d6 at 50 °C, the signal of the spiro carbon in 1 shifted to a lower magnetic field and appeared in the sp2-hybridization region (δ = 162.7), suggesting that in phenol-d6 a cleavage of the C(spiro)–O bond in the lactone ring occurs and that the ring-opened Z form is produced. The equilibrium between L and Z depended strongly on the temperature and solvents. The high temperature and inhibition of the solute (1)–solvent interaction by steric hindrance, self-association and intramolec...

A program, called PLEC-1, has been developed with Visual Basic to simulate and analyze the electrochemical measurement of a polymer-coated electrode with dispersed functional molecules. The program has two independent buffers for oxidant and reductant per one material and can concurrently treat seven materials and three chemical reactions of either first- or second-order. The user can not only experience virtual cyclic voltammetry and potential-step chronoamperometry but also analyze cyclic voltammograms by the Gauss-Newton method using the program. In PLEC-1, simultaneous partial differential equations are solved by the combination of Crank-Nicolson and iteration methods.

It is becoming commonplace for organic chemists to have their own microcomputers. In this article, softwares for such users to carry out two or three dimentional input to a computer, graphic display of molecular structures, and molecular orbital calculations are reviewed (129 references).