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Inspired by naturally occurring sulfide minerals, we present a new family of iron-based superconductors. A metastable form of FeS known as the mineral mackinawite forms two-dimensional sheets that can be readily intercalated by various cationic guest species. Under hydrothermal conditions using alkali metal hydroxides, we prepare three different cation and metal hydroxide-intercalated FeS phases including (Li 1- x Fe x OH)FeS, [(Na 1- x Fe x )(OH) 2 ]FeS, and K x Fe 2- y S 2 . Upon successful intercalation of the FeS layer, the superconducting critical temperature T c of mackinawite is enhanced from 5 K to 8 K for the (Li 1- x Fe x OH) δ + intercalate. Layered heterostructures of [(Na 1- x Fe x )(OH) 2 ]FeS resemble the natural mineral tochilinite, which contains an iron square lattice interleaved with a hexagonal hydroxide lattice. Whilst heterostructured [(Na 1- x Fe x )(OH) 2 ]FeS displays long-range magnetic ordering near 15 K, K x Fe 2- y S 2 displays short range antiferromagnetism.