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The high potential and current status of the research involving the use of ultrafast X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), the boundary conditions of the technique and the implementation of XAS, is presented. XAS helps in providing the electronic and structural information on the system.

Supported metal clusters created through syntheses using organometallic chemistry on surfaces, gas phase cluster chemistry, and innovative preparation in zeolite cages have expanded the possible uses of heterogeneous catalysis. The classes and supports of metal catalysts, as well as their preparation are discussed in detail.