1. A phosphorus-containing tertiary amine hardener enabled flame retardant, heat resistant and mechanically strong yet tough epoxy resins.
- Author
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Yang, Qingshan, Wang, Jun, Chen, Xi, Yang, Shuang, Huo, Siqi, Chen, Qiufei, Guo, Pengzong, Wang, Xiao, Liu, Fu, Chen, Wei, Song, Pingan, and Wang, Hao
- Subjects
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EPOXY resins , *FIREPROOFING agents , *TERTIARY amines , *FIREPROOFING , *HEAT release rates , *FIRE prevention , *FLAMMABILITY - Abstract
[Display omitted] • A novel phosphorus-containing tertiary amine hardener (DCM) is synthesized. • DCM endows epoxy resin with desired heat resistance and char-forming capacity. • DCM improves the mechanical stiffness, robustness and toughness of epoxy resin. • DCM imparts superior flame retardancy and smoke suppression to epoxy resin. Although current phosphorus (P)-based hardeners endowed epoxy resins (EPs) with intrinsic flame retardancy, their addition usually reduced thermal and mechanical properties. In this work, a novel phosphorus-containing tertiary amine hardener (DCM) was synthesized using diphenylphosphinic chloride and 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DMP-30), and applied to fabricate high-performance EP/DCM. Introducing P-containing group reduced the reactivity of tertiary amine of DCM, but EP/DCM gelled at 100 °C within 11.3 min, showing modest-temperature curing character. EP/DCM exhibited higher glass-transition temperature (T g) and char yield than virgin EP/DMP-30. Moreover, EP/DCM featured superior mechanical properties, of which the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength increased by 61.2%, 72.0% and 198.5%, respectively, relative to those of EP/DMP-30. DCM endowed EP thermosets with remarkable flame retardancy and smoke suppression. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 rating of EP/DCM reached 35.7% and V-0, respectively, with 36.2% and 22.6% reductions in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) compared with those of EP/DMP-30. This work pioneers an innovative strategy for creating high-performance EPs with satisfactory heat resistance, fire safety, and mechanical properties by curing with P-containing tertiary amine hardeners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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