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Efficient decontamination of radioactive Ba2+ is of great significance to human health and environmental safety. Herein, an adsorbent based on the sulfonic acid functionalized Zr-MOF has been successfully developed, which could efficiently decontaminate radioactive Ba2+ with excellent selectivity, recyclability, a high adsorption capacity up to 60.8 mg g-1 as well as a short adsorption kinetic time of less than 5 min. This outstanding adsorption performance is attributed to the strong affinity between Ba2+ and high density -SO3H active sites in MOFs which were introduced by an in situ ligand modification strategy during the assembly of MOFs.

Photouncaging delivers compounds with high spatial and temporal control to induce or inhibit biological processes but the released compounds may diffuse out. We here demonstrate that sulfonate anions can be photocaged so that a membrane impermeable compound can enter cells, be uncaged by photoirradiation and trapped within the cell.

The Eubacterium saburreum serine protease inhibitor from the human gut microbiota inhibits the eukaryotic pancreatic elastase associated with acute pancreatitis. Interestingly, the inhibition efficiency and stability are markedly increased by the para-sulphonato-calix[8]arene capped silver nanoparticles. Moreover, this enzyme is distinguishable by its high inhibitory effect at broad pH range between 2-10 and temperatures from 10 to 40 °C, in the presence of para-sulphonato-calix[8]arene capped silver nanoparticles the enzyme remains active even at 70 °C.

The X-ray crystal structure of F43Y/T67R myoglobin revealed unique Tyr-heme double cross-links between Tyr43 and the heme 4-vinyl group, which represents a novel post-translational modification of heme proteins. Moreover, with the feature of a distal His-Arg pair, the designed artificial enzyme exhibited a peroxidase activity comparable to that of native peroxidases, such as the most efficient horseradish peroxidase.

We provide a new strategy to construct a magnetic DNA hydrogel for enzyme encapsulation through a programmable one-pot self-assembly approach, which can be easily separated from the reaction medium. The encapsulated enzyme composites exhibited significantly improved enzymatic activity, stability, reusability and excellent selectivity for the detection of low concentrations of glucose.

Guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) and Fe(iii)-heme form a supramolecular catalyst with peroxidase activity. Catalysis, which depends on self-assembly of 5'-GMP into a G-quadruplex that binds hemin, can be modulated by nucleotide concentration, temperature and the identity of the nucleotide's sugar.

Synthetic biomacromolecules that mimic natural polymeric structures are of significant interest. For most applications of these materials, however, aqueous solubility is a necessity. Here, we present the synthesis of an intrinsically water soluble single stranded DNA analog formed by the synthesis of a Clickable Nucleic Acid (CNA). These molecules are formed with pendant hydroxyl groups present on the main polymer backbone, and subsequent modification of those hydroxyls with sulfonate moieties further enhances the hydrophilicity of these molecules.

Attempts to make a diamino disulfonic acid derivative of an aza-BODIPY showed it was difficult to add BF2 to a disulfonated azadipyrromethene, and sulfonation of an aza-BODIPY resulted in loss of the BF2 fragment. We conclude the electron-deficient character of aza-BODIPY dyes destabilizes them relative to BODIPY dyes. Consequently, sulfonation of the aza-BODIPY core is not a viable strategy to increase water solubility. This assertion was indirectly supported via stability studies of a BODIPY and an aza-BODIPY in aqueous media. To afford the desired compound type, an aza-BODIPY with two amino and two sulfonic acid groups was prepared via modification of the aryl substituents with cysteic acid.

The passage of Lucifer Yellow across the Caco-2 intestinal model membrane has been studied for the para-sulphonato-calix[n]arenes, the results show that para-sulphonato-calix[4]arene and para-sulphonato-calix[8]arene activate membrane passage when used simultaneously with a transport probe, Lucifer Yellow, whereas para-sulphonato-calix[6]arene has no effect.

We report the synthesis of a trifunctional catalyst containing amine, sulphonic acid and Pd nanoparticle catalytic groups anchored on the pore walls of SBA-15. The catalyst efficiently catalyzes one-pot three-step cascade reactions comprising deacetylation, Henry reaction and hydrogenation, giving up to ∼100% conversion and 92% selectivity to the final product.

We show that nucleotides which are modified with a G-quadruplex-derived DNAzyme are substrates for DNA polymerases. Based on this finding we developed a naked-eye detection system that allows the detection of single nucleotide variations in DNA.

A novel zinc(II) phthalocyanine bearing octa-sulphonates has been prepared, which is non-aggregated in water, highly photoactive and low dark-toxic. More interestingly, it exhibits specific affinity to macrophages via the scavenger receptor-A, and can selectively accumulate in tumour sites.

A novel hydrophilic PAMPS-PAAm brush pattern is fabricated to selectively capture blood cells from whole blood. PAMPS brushes provide antifouling surfaces to resist protein and cell adhesion while PAAm brushes effectively entrap targeted proteins for site-specific and cell-type dependent capture of blood cells.

[Ru(bpy)2(py-SO3)](+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and py-SO3 = pyridine-2-sulfonate) was found to undergo py-SO3 dissociation upon visible light irradiation (≥470 nm) via Ru-O homolysis, producing reactive free radical species, and is thus able to not only photobind but also photocleave DNA in hypoxic conditions.

A metal-free synthesis of bifunctionalized indole derivatives was developed through a novel TBHP/TBAI-mediated oxidative coupling of C2,C3-unsubstituted indoles with arylsulfonyl hydrazide. Under the same conditions C3-methyl substituted indoles underwent a diazotization process, affording 2-sulfonyldiazenyl-1H-indoles. The former reaction simultaneously established C-S and C-N bonds through selective sulfonylation and diazotization of the indole framework, enabling a mild and practical access to polyfunctionalized indoles with good to excellent yields.

We fabricated two-color luminescence ultrathin films (UTFs) composed of the layered double hydroxide host-aggregation-induced emission guests by LBL assembly. The fabricated UTFs were simple, tunable, controllable and highly luminescent. Moreover, reversible thermochromic luminescence further exhibited their potential in practical applications.

A crystal structure of lysozyme in complex with p-sulfonato-calix[4]arene (sclx4) reveals a linear assembly of protein tetramers glued together by protein-calixarene interactions. One interaction involves encapsulation of the highly exposed C-terminal Arg128. The other involves an intricate protein-bound complex of sclx4, Mg(2+) and a fragment of polyethylene glycol.

A new rhodium-catalyzed synthesis of sultones via the oxidative coupling of sulfonic acids with internal alkynes is described. The reaction proceeds via aryl C-H activation assisted by a sulfonic acid group.

Controllable fabrication of DNA origami structures was achieved using cationic comb-type copolymers (CCCs) as locks and polyvinyl sulphonic acid (PVS) as a key. A CCC binds to the phosphate backbone of either M13mp18/staples alone or both together and restricts origami folding, while PVS unlocks the CCC, restoring the formation of origami structures.

Utilizing enantiopure camphorsulfonic acid as a chiral induction agent, 3D homochiral complexes were obtained from achiral 2D layers and MoO4(2-) pillars. This methodology combines the "pillaring" strategy with chiral induction, providing a new way to synthesize homochiral 3D coordination polymers intentionally from achiral precursors.

Proton transfer caused by excitation of a photoacid attached to the surface of a mesoporous silica nanoparticle activates a nanovalve and causes release of trapped molecules. The protonation of an aniline-based stalk releases a noncovalently bound cyclodextrin molecule that blocked a pore. The results show that pH-responsive molecular delivery systems can be externally controlled using light.

Novel three-dimensional sulfur-doped graphene networks were synthesized using an ion-exchange/activation combination method using a 732-type sulfonic acid ion exchange resin as the carbon precursor, which showed high electrocatalytic activity, good stability and excellent methanol tolerance for four-electron oxygen reduction in alkaline solution.

Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric 1,6-addition of diarylphosphines to electron-deficient dienes was developed through rational selection of electron-withdrawing groups on the dienes. Various chiral allylic phosphine derivatives were synthesized in good yields with high enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee).

New powerful hypervalent iodine(V) oxidants, tosylate and mesylate derivatives of 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX), were prepared by the reaction of IBX with the corresponding sulfonic acids. Single crystal X-ray crystallography of the diacetate derivative of IBX-tosylate revealed an unusual heptacoordinated iodine geometry without any significant intermolecular secondary interactions.

Three sulfonic azobenzenes with tiny differences in the terminal were used to manipulate the assembly of cationic dipeptides (CDP); assemblies with diverse morphologies including urchin-like, flower-like and plate-like structures were formed.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been surface-functionalized with choline moieties encircled by sulfonatocalix[4]arenes. Two enzyme cleavable sites are incorporated in the stalks for specific enzymes to regulate the release of loaded cargos from MSNs. These gated materials show a clear enzymatic response and proven orthogonality.

Poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) brush-grafted silica particles, synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization, were employed as a reusable acid catalyst for dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in water. The particles exhibited a high activity with the HMF yield of up to 31%, in contrast to 26% from the corresponding free homopolymer catalyst.

A Rh-catalyzed ortho C-H olefination of arenes directed by a sulfonic acid group was developed with good yields and a broad reaction scope. Efficient performance of the catalyst caused this electron-poor aromatic C-H to be activated effectively and unactivated alkenes are also suitable for this reaction.

Asymmetric addition of arylboronates to aryl-substituted cyclic ketimines proceeded in the presence of a rhodium catalyst coordinated with a chiral diene ligand to give high yields of sulfamidates and sulfamides with high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee).

A photoelectrochemical solar cell composed of supramolecular nanoclusters of lithium encapsulated fullerene and zinc sulphonated meso-tetraphenylporphyrin exhibits significant enhancement in the photoelectrochemical performance as compared with the reference system containing only a single component.

We developed a facile synthesis to yield orthogonally protected mannose building blocks with high overall yields. The protection/glycosylation steps can be carried out in a successive manner without purification of intermediate products. This developed synthesis led to formation of linear/branched tri-, penta- and heptasaccharides.

A novel method for analysing the catalytic action of a DNAzyme is reported. Resonance Raman scattering (RRS) is shown to successfully monitor the oxidation of two different peroxidase substrates and has been implemented in an assay for the detection of target DNA, providing a more sensitive method of analysis than current colorimetric techniques.

Unnatural α-amino acids containing dithiocarbamate side chains were synthesized by a one-pot reaction of in situ generated dithiocarbamate anions with sulfamidates. A wide range of these anions participated in the highly regio- and stereo-selective ring opening of sulfamidates to produce the corresponding dithiocarbamate pendant α-amino acids in high yields.

A novel application of surface-modified protein nanospheres as potential antiviral agents is illustrated. By using a single-step sonochemical process, bovine serum albumin nanospheres were generated, whose surface was covalently conjugated with mercaptoethane sulfonate to chemically and electrostatically mimic cellular heparan sulfate. The nanospheres effectively inhibited HSV-1 infection.

Molecular design, chemical synthesis, and biological evaluation of several designed organic molecules, which target-selectively degrade proteins upon photo-irradiation, are introduced. The designed molecules for protein photo-degradation include 2-phenylquinoline-steroid hormone hybrids and porphyrin derivatives, both of which selectively photo-degrade estrogen receptor-α, and fullerene-sugar and -sulfonic acid hybrids, which selectively photo-degrade HIV-1 protease and amyloid β, respectively. The information will provide a novel and effective way to control specific functions of proteins, and contribute to the molecular design of novel protein photo-degrading agents, which should find wide application in chemistry, biology, and medicine.

Synthesis of triazole based unnatural amino acids and β-amino triazoles has been described via a stereo and regioselective one-pot multi-component reaction of sulfamidates, sodium azide, and alkynes under MW conditions. The developed method is applicable to a broad substrate scope and has significant potential for the synthesis of unnatural amino acids with a triazole side chain.

A highly effective catalytic enantioselective direct aminal synthesis was developed. Chiral ammonium 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-disulfonates, which were prepared in situ from (R)-BINSA and achiral amines, promoted the enantioselective addition of primary amides to aromatic aldimines.

A supramolecular binding occurred between lithium ion encapsulated [60]fullerene (Li(+)@C(60)) and sulfonated tetraphenylporphyrins ([MTPPS](4-) M = H(2) and Zn) in a benzonitrile solution. Photoexcitation of Li(+)@C(60)/[MTPPS](4-) results in formation of a long-lived charge-separated state by photoinduced electron transfer.

Iron telluride nanorods (FeTe NRs, length 45 ± 11 nm) prepared from tellurium nanowires (Te NWs, length 785 ± 170) have been used to detect H(2)O(2) and glucose with a limit of detection (LOD) of 55 nM (linear range = 0.1-5 μM) and 0.38 μM (linear range = 1-100 μM) respectively., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012)

Main-chain polymers of chiral imidazolidinone were successfully synthesized by reaction of chiral imidazolidinone dimers with disulfonic acid. Chiral imidazolidinones were incorporated into the main-chain of the polymer by ionic bonding. These polymers could be used as polymeric chiral organocatalysts for asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions.

We describe a facile method to functionalize semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) with polyelectrolytes. The polyelectrolyte coating dramatically improves the colloidal stability of the Pdots in solutions which are either of high ionic strength or contain bivalent metal ions: this feature allows Pdots to be used under physiologically relevant environments without losing their functionality. We conjugated the polyelectrolyte-coated Pdots with streptavidin to demonstrate their application in specific cell labeling., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012)

Counter-ion condensation of Poly(L-Lysine) in the presence of pyranine-3 generates spherical coacervates, which then template the assembly of silica nanoparticles to form microcapsule structures that dynamically control the optical ratiometric sensing of both the change in pH and release of the probe molecule., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012)

Here we present the first application of pore-expanded SBA-15 in heterogeneous catalysis. Pore expansion over the range 6-14 nm confers a striking activity enhancement towards fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) synthesis from triglycerides (TAG), and free fatty acid (FFA), attributed to improved mass transport and acid site accessibility., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012)

Cryptophane-111 is one of the best candidates for (129)Xe MRI-based applications. Herein, we report the first metal-free and water-soluble cryptophane-111 core which involves an efficient and unusual post-synthetic sulfonation procedure., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011)

Controllable exploding polyelectrolyte microcapsules were developed by layer-by-layer assembly of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) on a dextran microgel core containing a cleavable disulfide bond fabricated via click chemistry. The microcapsules can explode upon the injection of DTT with an explosive release of the drug., (© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011)

The dynamic kinetic resolution of 4,5-diaryl cyclic sulfamidate imines was achieved via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation using a HCO(2)H/Et(3)N mixture as the hydrogen source and chiral Rh catalysts (R,R)- or (S,S)-RhCl(TsDPEN)Cp* affording the corresponding cyclic sulfamidates in good yields with up to >20 : 1 dr and up to >99% ee.

A series of quantum dot (QD) ligands are reported that can make strong polyelectrolyte QD surfaces with sulfonates or quaternary ammoniums, which can endow QDs with excellent colloidal stability independent of the pH and ionic strength, minimal hydrodynamic size, and can be exploited to achieve stable and flexible bioconjugations and layer-by-layer assembly.

The hydrolysis of cellulose over sulfonated carbons was promoted greatly by elevating the sulfonation temperature. With 250 degrees C-sulfonated CMK-3 as a catalyst, the cellulose was selectively hydrolyzed into glucose with the glucose yield as high as 74.5%, which is the highest level reported so far on solid acid catalysts.

The novel transformation of cytosine oxime sulfonate (C*) to uracil sulfonate (U*) proceeded by a Co(II)-assisted benzoyl peroxide reaction, eventually leading to the conversion of cytosine to uracil.

The designed aromatic amide discotic molecule with sulfonic acid groups at its periphery exhibits a hexagonal supramolecular columnar liquid crystalline phase, which leads to the achievement of anisotropic ionic conductivity through macroscopically aligning the ionic channels.