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The industrial separation of hydrocarbons relies on distillation. Organic solvent nanofiltration can provide an energy-efficient alternative. We prepared high performance organosiloxane membranes for fractionation of heavy aromatics. They achieved a high permeance up to 0.13 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, with a rejection rate of 88.7% for hydrocarbons with five aromatic rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An assembly between 1,4-dicarboxylbenzene-2,3-dithiol (H2dcbdt) and different transition metal ions successfully produced 2D metal–organic frameworks (M-dcbdt, M = Ni, Co or Fe) composed of unprecedented butterfly-shaped metal-bis(dithiolene) (MS4) linkers in one-pot fashion. Such strategy provides easier access to the [MS4]-rich network and lowers the prerequisite to explore their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of highly rigid cobalt(II)- and copper(II)–organic frameworks incorporating a tetralactam [2]rotaxane as a ligand is described. The interlocked ligand is functionalized with two pairs of carboxylate groups placed at each counterpart, thus limiting its dynamics within the crystal. The solid structure of the metal–organic rotaxane frameworks showed different, unprecedented polycatenation modes of grids, depending on the employed metal, providing great rigidity to the structures. This rigidity has been evaluated by using single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of the cobalt(II)–organic frameworks embedded in different solvents, observing that the lattices remain unchanged. Thus, this research demonstrates that rigid and robust materials with permanent porosity can be achieved using dynamic ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional dissolution of a layered compound in a nonpolar organic solvent is reported for the first time. A high-aspect ratio fluorohectorite modified with a cationic surfactant (dioctadecyldimethylammonium) showed spontaneous delamination into monolayer nanosheets in chloroform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidation of Au0 with the synergistic Ag+/0.5 I2 system in the commercial organic solvent 1,2,3,4-tetrafluorobenzene led to the perfluoroalkoxyaluminate salt of the [Au(CO)2]+ cation known from superacid chemistry. This [Au(CO)2]+ salt proved to be an excellent 'naked' Au+-synthon yielding complex salts with [Au(η2-P4)2]+, [Au(η1-P4S3)2]+ and half-sandwich [Au(η2-C6H6)(CO)]+ cation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidation of Au0 with the synergistic Ag+/0.5 I2 system in the commercial organic solvent 1,2,3,4-tetrafluorobenzene led to the perfluoroalkoxyaluminate salt of the [Au(CO)2]+ cation known from superacid chemistry. This [Au(CO)2]+ salt proved to be an excellent 'naked' Au+-synthon yielding complex salts with [Au(η2-P4)2]+, [Au(η1-P4S3)2]+ and half-sandwich [Au(η2-C6H6)(CO)]+ cation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-cell nanoencapsulation (SCNE) has great potential in the enhancement of therapeutic effects of probiotic microbes. However, the material scope has been limited to water-soluble compounds to avoid non-biocompatible organic solvents that are harmful to living cells. In this work, the SCNE of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus with water-insoluble luteolin and Fe3+ ions is achieved by the vortex-assisted, biphasic water–oil system. The process creates L. acidophilus nanoencapsulated in the luteolin-Fe3+ shells that empower the cells with extrinsic properties, such as resistance to lysozyme attack, anti-ROS ability, and α-amylase-inhibition activity, as well as sustaining viability under acidic conditions. The proposed protocol, embracing water-insoluble flavonoids as shell components in SCNE, will be an advanced add-on to the chemical toolbox for the manipulation of living cells at the single-cell level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has evolved as a vital technological frontier with paramount significance in the separation and purification of organic solvents. Its implication is particularly prominent in industries such as pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, and environmental remediation. This comprehensive review, meticulously navigates through the current state of research in OSN membranes, unveiling both the critical challenges and promising opportunities that beckon further exploration. The central focus of this review is on the unique utilization of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in OSN membrane design, leveraging their distinctive structural attributes—tunable porosity, robust chemical stability, and molecular sieving capabilities. These qualities position them as exceptional candidates for crafting membranes tailored to the intricacies of organic solvent environments. Our investigation extends into the fundamental principles that render COFs and MOFs adept in OSN applications, dissecting their varied fabrication methods while offering insights into the advantages and limitations of each. Moreover, we address environmental and sustainability considerations in the use of COF and MOF-based OSN membranes. Furthermore, we meticulously present the latest advancements and innovations in this burgeoning field, charting a course toward potential future directions and emerging research areas. By underscoring the challenges awaiting exploration, this review not only provides a panoramic view of the current OSN landscape but also lays the groundwork for the evolution of efficient and sustainable OSN technologies, specifically harnessing the unique attributes of COFs and MOFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A versatile, robust, and stable tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate (TBAT) catalyst has been deployed for efficient depolymerization of silicones. This catalyst is soluble in a variety of organic solvents and is stable up to 170 °C, enabling a wide range of reaction conditions under which F−-catalysed siloxane bond cleavage can be initiated. This effort offers significant advancement overcoming the traditional limitations of silicone depolymerization, such as high catalyst loading, storage and handling, and few viable reaction media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A library of cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes with a strong H-bonding motif in their ancillary ligand was synthesized, characterized and their photophysical properties measured. Demonstrated herein is a general synthetic high yield procedure for these compounds. We ascribe these yields to the use of an intermediary primer ligand. This de novo strategy circumnavigates the standard synthetic issues of H-bond rich ligand precursors (self-aggregation and poor solubility in organic solvents). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water-soluble Co complex with dimethyl-bipyridine ligands reduced CO2 to CO electrochemically with almost 100% selectivity at −0.80 V vs. NHE in an aqueous medium (pH 6.8) without an organic solvent. The reaction overpotential was 270 mV. A possible CO formation mechanism was discussed based on experiments and calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here an unprecedentedly fast and reversible transformation between 1D and 2D MOFs/CPs induced through organic solvent vapours. The transformations occur at room temperature in just 15–20 min, accompanied by a significant change in the observed phosphorescence. These findings provide a new insight into the design of luminescent networks with stimuli-switchable dimensionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peptide chemists seek rapid methods combined with facile purification when producing disulphide bonds post solid-phase synthesis. Current methods typically require long reaction times of up to two days, can result in side-products from over-oxidation and/or degradation, require organic solvents, and/or require challenging purification. Herein, we describe a rapid, green, and facile oxidation of a series of peptides with up to three disulphide bonds. The method was conducted in aqueous solution, in air, utilizing the biocompatible corrin ring-containing compound dicyanocobinamide, and offers reaction times under 1 hour with simple one step removal of the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexation behaviors of pagoda[n]arenes (n = 4, 5) with ferrocene, ferrocenium and analogues cobaltocenium were studied. The inclusion complexes of pagoda[n]arenes can protect ferrocenium from oxidation in organic solvents and improve the stability and oxygen resistance of ferrocenium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrinoid protein MtaC, which is natively involved in methyl transferase catalysis, catalyzes N-alkylation of aniline using ethyl diazoacetate. Our results show how the native preference of B12 scaffolds for radical versus polar chemistry translates to non-native catalysis, which could guide selection of B12-dependent proteins for biocatalysis. MtaC also has high thermal stability and organic solvent tolerance, remaining folded even in pure methanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We synthesized a type of sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon dot, which can achieve tunable fluorescence both in solutions and solid matrices, that is dominated by the surface state. Moreover, it can be used to detect trace water in a variety of organic solvents, especially in acetone with a limit of detection as low as 0.042%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated coordination polymers of Ag+ with a cysteine-based thiol ligand designed to contain a tetraphenylethylene AIEgen (L - and D -1). The coordination polymers, forming in a variety of protic and aprotic organic solvents, such as THF, CH3CN and CH3OH, were shown to undergo aggregation in H2O/THF binary solvents at water volume fractions above 50%, where emission was substantially enhanced while the CD profile was reversed, yet the dependence of the CD signal on ee remained S-shaped for the polymers in the aprotic organic solvents THF and CH3CN, in contrast to that in protic solvents CH3OH and C2H5OH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solvents are the major source of chemical waste from synthetic chemistry labs. Growing attention to more environmentally friendly sustainable processes demands novel technologies to substitute toxic or hazardous solvents. If not always, sometimes, water can be a suitable substitute for organic solvents, if used appropriately. However, the sole use of water as a solvent remains non-practical due to its incompatibility with organic reagents. Nonetheless, over the past few years, new additives have been disclosed to achieve chemistry in water that also include aqueous micelles as nanoreactors. Although one cannot claim micellar catalysis to be a greener technology for every single transformation, it remains the sustainable or greener alternative for many reactions. Literature precedents support that micellar technology has much more potential than just as a reaction medium, i.e., the role of the amphiphile as a ligand obviating phosphine ligands in catalysis, the shielding effect of micelles to protect water-sensitive reaction intermediates in catalysis, and the compartmentalization effect. While compiling the powerful impact of micellar catalysis, this article highlights two diverse recent technologies: (i) the design and employment of the surfactant PS-750- M in selective catalysis; (ii) the use of the semisynthetic HPMC polymer to enable ultrafast reactions in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore three variants of atomic layer deposition (ALD) to deposit titanium oxide on the soft polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). We show that the organic solvent resistance of PDMS is increased by two orders of magnitude compared to uncoated PDMS for ALD performed at atmospheric pressure, which results in a unique surface–subsurface coating of PDMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fluorescence quenching phenomenon commonly found in two-dimensional COFs is due to either the strong interlayer π–π stacking or the non-radiative decay caused by intramolecular rotation. Here, we report a rigidity–flexibility balance strategy for constructing highly photoluminescent 2D COF nanosheets via the integration of rigid fluorescent molecular nodes with flexible non-planar building blocks. The prepared COF nanosheets, termed TPE-DBC-COF, achieve extremely high PLQY in common organic solvents, especially in tetrahydrofuran (43.5%). Besides, the prepared TPE-DBC-COF exhibits excellent sensitivity and selectivity to tetracycline hydrochloride and high cycling stability, so it can be used as a high-efficiency fluorescent sensor for the detection of tetracycline hydrochloride down to the ppm level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strategy through the combination of a polyzwitterion matrix, salt mixture, and interfacial organic solvent layer is proposed to achieve an improvement in the performance of gel polymer electrolyte-based quasi-solid-state electrical double-layer capacitors by modulating the properties of the electrolytes from bulk to interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbazole-based molecules V1205 and V1206 capable of cross-linking via three vinyl groups were synthesized by a simple process and applied as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSC). Novel HTMs were thermally polymerized to provide films resistant to organic solvents. A PSC with V1205 exhibited a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 16.9% with good stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The standard potential of a lithium metal electrode versus the standard hydrogen electrode was calculated by constructing the thermodynamic cycle in a hypothetical electrochemical cell with a dual-phase electrolyte. It is demonstrated that the standard potential of the lithium metal electrode can fluctuate over 0.5 V in different organic solvents, and is correlated to the modified donor number by the entropy of fusion of the solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and characterisation of two novel molecular organotelluroxane clusters, comprising of an inorganic Te8O6X4 (X = Cl, Br) core structure are described. The integration of highly electron withdrawing 3,5-bis-trifluoromethylphenyl groups to the constituent Te(IV) centres is determined to be crucial in the chalcogen bonding (ChB) halide template directed assembly. Characterised by multi-nuclear 1H, 125Te, 19F NMR, UV-Vis, IR spectroscopies and X-ray crystal structure analysis, the discrete molecular clusters exhibit excellent organic solvent solubility and remarkable chemical stability. Furthermore, preliminary fluorescence investigations reveal the telluroxanes exhibit aggregation induced emission (AIE) behaviour in organic aqueous solvent mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a seed-mediated synthesis strategy to control the size of gold nanoparticles at the atomic scale in the 2–5 nm size range. Starting from 2 nm seeds, a regrowth in organic solvent with a designed amount of precursor can achieve in a predictive fashion a precise mean size with a 0.3 nm resolution. We show that these monodisperse nanoparticles assemble into a 2D hexagonal lattice over a distance that can span tens of micrometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nucleophilic 1,2-aminothiol compounds readily reduce typically-insoluble elemental sulfur to polysulfides in both water and nonpolar organic solvents. The resulting anionic polysulfide species are stabilized through hydrogen-bonding interactions with the proximal amine moieties. These interactions can facilitate sulfur transfer to alkenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn cage complexes are rare, and the ones successfully isolated in the solid state are not stable in water and organic solvents. Herein, we present the first report of mononuclear Mn clathrochelates, in which the encapsulated metal exists in the oxidation state +4. The complexes are extremely stable in the crystalline state and in solutions and show rich redox chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we prepare a type of organic/inorganic hybrid photocatalyst by in situ polymerization of cobalt phthalocyanine on mesoporous g-C3N4 (mpg-C3N4) for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Photocatalytic results indicate that this photocatalyst can effectively reduce CO2 to CO with high activity and remarkable long-term stability in organic solvents under visible-light irradiation. Our work provides a versatile strategy to synthesize a highly active organic/inorganic composite for photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we present the readily accessible amino acid 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl- L -cysteine (DNC), as an ultra-low molecular weight gelator (MW = 316 g mol−1). Sonication of DNC in water or organic solvents as well as pH adjustment in water trigger gelation. A diverse set of stimuli (UV irradiation, oxidation, heat or pH change) induce a gel–sol transition. Moreover, the photo-triggered gel–sol transition was used to obtain a controlled cysteine release from the hydrogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A "two-in-one" strategy was employed to construct 3D-COFs for the first time. Based on this strategy, a 3D-Flu-COF could be readily synthesized in various simplex organic solvents. Benefitting from the non-conjugated structure, the 3D-Flu-COF showcased excellent acidichromic sensing performance with good sensitivity, reversibility and naked eye visibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An antimony based luminescent organic–inorganic hybrid compound H3SbCl6(L)6 (1, L = 2-(3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)acetate) has been prepared by the solvothermal method. It emits bright green light peaking at 525 nm, with an internal quantum yield (IQY) of 73% under 360 nm excitation. The negative thermal quenching (NTQ) effect has been observed in the temperature range of 77 K to 297 K. Due to its ionic structure, compound 1 is soluble in numerous organic solvents, including methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), etc. The solution processability combined with high quantum efficiency makes 1 a promising candidate as a luminescent coating material for optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mo2C and Ti3C2 MXenes were investigated as earth-abundant electrocatalyts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Mo2C and Ti3C2 exhibited faradaic efficiencies of 90% (250 mV overpotential) and 65% (650 mV overpotential), respectively, for the reduction of CO2 to CO in acetonitrile using an ionic liquid electrolyte. The use of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-2-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as an electrolyte in organic solvent suppressed the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the catalytic active sites are oxygen vacancy sites on both MXene surfaces. Also, a spontaneous dissociation of adsorbed COOH species to a water molecule and adsorbed CO on Mo2C promote the CO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of the pyridazine-bridged expanded rosarin 1 and a reduced precursor, semi-rosarinogen 2, is reported. A single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 and theoretical calculations show that both 1 and 2 have distorted structures. Expanded rosarin 1 and its precursor 2 can differentiate various thiols in organic solvents by means of species-specific colour changes and reaction times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a new series of lipid-based biocompatible ionic liquids (LBILs) consisting of the long-chain phosphonium compound 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethyl-phosphatidylcholine as the cation and the long-chain fatty acids stearic acid, oleic acid, or linoleic acid as anions. These materials were found to be completely miscible with many polar and nonpolar organic solvents as well as dispersible in water. These LBILs also exhibited excellent biocompatibility with an artificial three-dimensional human epidermis model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave assisted polycondensation for the synthesis of (partially) biobased polyazomethines in water (hydrothermal polymerization) was investigated for the first time in this study. The polyazomethines prepared via this environmentally friendly and simple method show comparable characteristics as the polymers prepared via traditional methods in organic solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis of a cyclic hexavanadate polyoxovanadate-alkoxide cluster, [VO(OC2H5)2]6, and its conversion, under solvothermal conditions, to an oxygen-deficient Lindqvist assembly, [V6O6(OC2H5)12]n (n = 1−, 0). This study presents insights into the mechanism of organo-functionalized polyoxovandate-alkoxide formation, namely identifying essential intermediates and the source of the central μ6-O2− ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid solvent in salt electrolyte was developed by hybridizing aqueous and organic solvents in concentrated lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salts, such an electrolyte provides an unprecedented electrochemical window of 5.35 V, which is even comparable to traditional organic electrolytes, and enables a super-stable carbon-based symmetric supercapacitor with a long life of 10 000 cycles at an operating voltage of 2.5 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface modification effects of graphite and organic solvents on Ti were investigated by thermogravimetry (TG), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations to improve its hydrogen absorption properties. As a result, Ti ball-milled with graphite showed high reactivity and selectivity for hydrogen with high durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new families of lanthanide antennas are described. 8-Methoxy-4,5-dihydrocyclopenta[de]quinolin-2(1H)-one phosphonates or carboxylates behave as selective antennas exhibiting Eu3+ luminescence in organic solvents, while quinolin-2(1H)-one analogues selectively sensitize the Tb3+ emission. These emissions are quenched by H2O addition. Based on this behaviour, the new lanthanide antennas can be used as highly sensitive water sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sucessful grafting of highly polar polymer chains both on the surface and in the subsurface of PDMS via subsurface initiated ATRP for the improved antibiofouling performance is enabled by the diffusion of organic solvents (in a water-based binary solvent) which act as not only a "carrier" for hydrophilic monomers but also a "sweller" for the PDMS substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual-photoresponsive coordination polymer displaying color-distinguishable olefin/cyclobutane-linked pyridinium radical states through photoinduced electron transfer and photocycloaddition has been successfully assembled based on the monoquaternized trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene and electron-rich benzenetetra-carboxylate anion. The synergy of charge-transfer and cation–π interactions within the framework endows the compound with excellent stability toward high temperature (350 °C), acidic/basic environments (pH = 2–12) and organic solvents. Reversible recovery from the radical states to their initial states, and reverse-cyclization can be achieved upon heat-treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel liquid-based Janus porous membrane system was developed through the simple infusion of water and oil within different surfaces. This generates a stable liquid-infusion interface that repels immiscible organic solvents and water, and itself floats at the oil/water interface as a separator. The developed membrane successfully acts as a simple alternative for high-performance liquid separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

M6L412+ supramolecular cages 3a and 3b (M = Pd, Pt), soluble in organic solvents, contain two different ligand-centered redox sites that enable the reversible storage of up to 16 electrons, as probed by CV, UV/vis spectro-electrochemistry (SEC-UV/Vis), bulk electrolysis and EPR. Encapsulation of a B12F122− anion is confirmed by 1H, 19F NMR and 19F DOSY NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a water-soluble molecular copper complex was investigated as a catalyst for O2 reduction in both water and an organic solvent. Although the quasi-stoichiometric oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for the formation of H2O2 was conducted in an organic solvent and revealed mechanistic insights into the ORR, the electrocatalytic production of H2O2 was achieved in an aqueous medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although several strategies for the stabilization of silylium ions have been established, “π-stabilization” with directly attached π-donor heteroatoms at silicon has not been developed yet. Hydride abstraction from (Me2N)3SiH generates dicationic [(Me2N)3Si+]2 in solution and in the solid state – constituting the dimer of an elusive silaguanidinium ion. This compound can be synthesized on a gram scale and is compatible with common organic solvents. However, it readily undergoes spontaneous electrophilic silylation of electron-rich aromatic compounds or initiates a catalytic hydro-defluorination reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we report a new sensor Tb97.11Eu2.89-L1 that enables ratiometric detection of trace water in CH3CN. As the water content increases from 0% to 2.5% (v/v%), Tb97.11Eu2.89-L1 exhibits an excellent linear relationship between the water content and I543/I615, as well as variable emissive light colors visible to the naked eye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To the best of our knowledge, for the first time MIL-53(Al) and NH2-MIL-53(Al) modified α-alumina membranes are investigated for the adsorption of organic dyes from organic solvents. These new, modified membranes show excellent adsorption of high concentrations of Rose Bengal dye in methanol and isopropanol solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The doped sites of locally functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes emit red-shifted and bright near-infrared photoluminescence compared to non-doped nanotubes. Here, we observe unique photoluminescent solvatochromism. Organic solvent environments induce photoluminescent energy shifts that linearly correlate with a solvent polarity function. A high responsiveness at the doped sites is found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addition of bis-pyrazole based cryptand regioisomers (1 and 2) to citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) led to gold supraspheres (AuSSL) and elongated dodecahedron (AuEDL) supraparticles, respectively. These supraparticles as heterogenous hosts show a high uptake of a small fluorophore SEA-SC1 in an aqueous medium and reversible release in organic solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]