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Characteristic features of safety-factor distribution and possibilities of refinement of designs and methods of analyzing shell elements of production equipment are investigated. A climbing-film evaporator is the subject of investigation. The distribution of safety factors (SF) is indicated for design elements of the climbing-film evaporator. The dependence of SF on the dimensions of a defect at its characteristic points is noted. The need for differentiation of SF is pointed out not only with respect to limiting states, but also the character and extent of damage sustained by the material of the structure, and also analysis of the stress-strain state of vessels and units with allowance for the effect of openings with pipes, pipelines, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advantages and range of application of a homogenizer are indicated. The schematic structural-layout diagram of a homogenizer that ensures continuity of the production process is presented. It is noted that the most popular and optimal output of the plant is 500-3000 kg/h, depending on the initial and final products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]