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The advantages and range of application of a homogenizer are indicated. The schematic structural-layout diagram of a homogenizer that ensures continuity of the production process is presented. It is noted that the most popular and optimal output of the plant is 500-3000 kg/h, depending on the initial and final products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article states that in recent years, increasing demand for fine separation of aggressive and high-temperature liquid media (especially aggressive waste water) has dictated the need to develop a new generation of filtration equipment. Processes of cross-flow micro- and ultra-filtration, that is, processes of membrane separation of solutions and suspensions under pressure with simultaneous movement of the liquid being separated along the surface of the membrane filtering element, have come into increasingly broader use for solution of these problems.

The article states that the separation of suspensions is a production process that has come into widespread use in many branches of industry. The equipment used for this process should therefore be effective and highly productive, reliable, and long-lived. Self-regenerating filters consisting of cylindrical housing 4 with cylindrical filtering element 3 mounted coaxially within the housing are classed with this type of equipment. It was established from the processing of the experimental data obtained that the tangential velocity component of the liquid flow in the filter remains virtually unchanged over the height and radius of the separation zone.

The article states that mathematical models of production processes are currently used to solve problems of their control. There are, however, a number of objective difficulties that appreciably lower the quality of the control and which do not permit sufficiently effective use of mathematical modeling. Models containing graphical or analytical relationships between process parameters are classed among mathematical models of the first level, which describe a production process; these relationships may be derived as a result of experimental investigations on a specific device or instrument.

This article discuss the use of equipment with transitional hydromechanical processes for intensification of production processes that take place in disperse systems with a broad spectrum of physicochemical properties of the medium being treated, and their characteristics discuss the use of equipment with transitional hydromechanical processes for intensification of production processes that take place in disperse systems with a broad spectrum of physicochemical properties of the medium being treated, and their characteristics.

It is shown that the efficiency of cyclones is determined to a significant degree by the hydraulic resistance coefficient ζ whose effect on cyclone operation is twofold. Therefore, the choice of cyclone construction for a specific production process is determined by the value of ζ for given equipment. Experimental and published data are summarized. Satisfactory conformity is established for calculated and experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article states that about 90% of all mechanical and technological failures in chemical engineering plant occur gradually by the change in one or more output parameters. Such failures are called parametric, and the parameters whose monitoring enables one to forecast failure are called technical state parameters. Natural ageing occurs in any plant, and a model can be formulated as a monotone random process of changes in a technical state parameter.

The article states that steel vessels and apparatus cladded with copper (silver) by the method of vacuum-diffusion welding are classed among the most modern types of equipment for the processing and storing of aggressive liquids, gases, and other media used in chemical processes. Many years of practical experience make it possible to successfully master new tasks--fabrication of equipment for implementation of energy-saving technologies and reactor vessels for utilization of extremely aggressive materials and toxins; this provides for solution of problems involving the cleanness and safety of our planet.