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Balinese Gamelan is a popular traditional musical instrument that is admired by international residents due to its fast musical rhythms. In this study, the focus will be on one object of the Balinese gamelan musical instrument, namely the gangsa. The purpose of this study was to find out the mathematical concepts found in Balinese gamelan instruments, especially the gangsa. This type of research is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The subject of this research is the head of Tabuh UKM STANA, a student activity unit engaged in the arts at Mahasaraswati University Denpasar. Literature review, observation, interviews, and documentation were used to collect data, which was then analyzed and identified mathematical concepts contained in the gangsa musical instrument so that conclusions could be drawn. Based on the research results obtained through observation and interviews, it can be seen that the size and playing of the gangsa musical instrument have a mathematical concept. The mathematical concepts that we find in the gangsa musical instrument are the concepts of arithmetic sequence patterns and repeating patterns. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between bronze musical instruments and mathematics learning so that this can be used as an alternative medium for learning mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is a crucial tool in forensic investigations, particularly in cases that involve violent crimes such as homicides, assaults, and sexual assaults. The analysis of bloodstains can provide valuable information about the location and movement of the victim and perpetrator(s), the type of weapon used, and the number and direction of the blows or shots. The lack of an objective mathematical foundation is a critical issue in a scenario where the quality of evidences can strongly affect a court trial and the life of people involved in that trial. Systematic reviews provide a rigorous and transparent method for evaluating scientific evidence, and can help to identify strengths and weaknesses of a given methodology.Methods: To ensure comprehensive retrieval of relevant research we will search the following key databases: PubMed and ScienceDirect through 1000 for peer reviewed articles (in all languages) evidence related to bloodstain pattern analysis.Discussions: This systematic review summarizes four papers that discuss different aspects of BPA. The first paper introduced the basic concepts of BPA and the use of trigonometric principles to determine the impact angle of bloodstains. The second paper presented experimental findings on the use of trigonometry in BPA and identified its limitations in determining the height of blood sprayed upwards. The third paper examined the analysis of circular bloodstains and found that their clusters can provide indirect information on impact-to-wall distance and area of origin. The fourth paper introduced the use of virtual models for BPA and found that straight-line trajectories can be used to estimate the area of origin with high accuracy.Conclusions: These papers highlight the complexity of BPA and the importance of using a combination of methods to interpret bloodstain patterns accurately. It is essential to consider the limitations of each method and to use them in combination to obtain a more complete picture of the events that occurred at a crime scene. Further research is needed to refine and improve the methods used in BPA and to develop new approaches to analyzing bloodstain patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]