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The article delves into the study and preservation of petroglyph sites in southern Illinois and southeastern Missouri, highlighting the techniques used to create these ancient images, their cultural importance, and the challenges they face. It also discusses the analysis of pigments by archaeologists, the diverse motifs depicted in the petroglyphs, and the significance of photography in documenting and safeguarding these sites.

The article presents information about the various artifacts including the plumed snake petroglyph, plumed snake cloud blower pipe, and snake effigies from the collection of the author, United States. It discusses the features of the artifacts, and excavation details, and mentions the meaning of snake for the Native American cultures.

The article describes the author's artifact excavation experience in the Illinois River Valley, United States. it discusses the various artifacts including boulder carved with petroglyphs and Adena-Waubesa spearpoints which belong to Adena culture. It mentions that Adena-Waubesa are recovered on both Early Woodland and Early Middle Woodland period sites.