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Circular ribonucleic acids (CircRNAs) represent a category of noncoding RNAs characterized by a circular structure bonded through covalent bonds. Unlike linear RNAs, CircRNAs are not affected by exonucleases and exhibit more stable expression. Research suggests that CircRNAs may have the ability to be translated through the internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) mechanism and it could enable CircRNAs to produce proteins despite lacking a 5' cap structure. They have gained attention due to their diverse functions, including acting as miRNA sponges, participating in complex gene expression regulation, and disease markers. CircRNAs play crucial roles in various biological processes, including cancer development and progression. These cyclic molecules have garnered significant interest for their diverse effects in humans. Furthermore, CircRNAs have been implicated in human genetic diseases, offering insights into potential diagnostic and therapeutic avenues. They are formed through back-splicing of pre-mRNA transcripts, resulting in covalently closed loops. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of CircRNAs in cancer biology, such as their involvement in modulating gene expression, acting as micro RNA (miRNA) sponges, and regulating cellular processes. There are some detection methods including computational models, experimental techniques, and advanced RNA-based and CLIP-Seq-based methods. This review could help to understand the key points regarding biogenesis, biological function, literature trend and biological function of CircRNAs.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (~22 nucleotides) non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by degrading the target protein-coding mRNA genes or suppressing translation in plants, which consequently participate in a variety of biological and metabolic processes in both animals and plants. Detection of miRNAs is chiefly carried out by microarray, real-time-PCR, northern blot, and bioinformatics approaches. Bioinformatics or in silico-based approaches are the easiest and cheapest ways to identify desired miRNAs. In this study, several miRNAs in Echinophora platyloba were identified, and their potential roles were reported. E. platyloba, which belongs to the Umbelliferae family, is an endemic plant in Iran found in the Kermanshah, Hamedan, and Lorestan provinces; it has important medicinal uses such as cytotoxic activity in breast cancer, treatment of dysmenorrhea, central and peripheral analgesic effects, and hepatoprotective effects on acute acetaminophen-induced liver injuries. To this end, the RNA was extracted from E. platyloba leaf and sent to the Beijing genome institute for RNA sequencing. After quality control, low-quality data was filtered, and de novo assembly was performed. Detection of miRNAs was then performed by miRDeep (v37) and miRBase tools. Accordingly, we identified seven miRNAs from the leaf dataset, and their secondary structures were evaluated. Target genes of the detected miRNAs were identified through the psRNA target website.