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Atrioventricular (AV) and ventriculoatrial (VA) branches of the coronary arteries are vessels which supply simultaneously atrial and ventricular walls by means of recurrent rami. The terminology indicates the name of the main vessel followed by the name of the recurrent vessel both combined in an adjective. These branches establish a vascular ‘suture’ across the coronary sulcus in front (superficially to) or behind (deeply to) the trunks of the right coronary artery and of the left coronary artery (circumflex artery). The AV and VA branches, found in 95% of 40 human hearts, should be considered a normal characteristic of the coronary circulation and an important anatomical factor for the clinical interpretation of pathological cardiac phenomena.

The submandibular gland in female and male Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis (a South African mul-timammate rodent) was studied using light microscopy and techniques for the demonstration of carbohydrates. Hematoxylin and eosin stain revealed the presence of a single secreting component that gave a strongly positive PAS reaction. Limiting elements of the granular tubules gave a weakly positive PAS reaction. Acidic glycoproteins were evidenced only in granules of the acinar component.