1. Human gut bacterial metabolism drives Th17 activation and colitis.
- Author
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Alexander M, Ang QY, Nayak RR, Bustion AE, Sandy M, Zhang B, Upadhyay V, Pollard KS, Lynch SV, and Turnbaugh PJ
- Subjects
- Actinobacteria, Animals, Bacteria metabolism, Colitis immunology, Cytokines, Dietary Supplements, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Humans, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases microbiology, Interleukin-17 metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 metabolism, Colitis metabolism, Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology, Lymphocyte Activation physiology, Th17 Cells metabolism
- Abstract
Bacterial activation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells exacerbates mouse models of autoimmunity, but how human-associated bacteria impact Th17-driven disease remains elusive. We show that human gut Actinobacterium Eggerthella lenta induces intestinal Th17 activation by lifting inhibition of the Th17 transcription factor Rorγt through cell- and antigen-independent mechanisms. E. lenta is enriched in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and worsens colitis in a Rorc-dependent manner in mice. Th17 activation varies across E. lenta strains, which is attributable to the cardiac glycoside reductase 2 (Cgr2) enzyme. Cgr2 is sufficient to induce interleukin (IL)-17a, a major Th17 cytokine. cgr2+ E. lenta deplete putative steroidal glycosides in pure culture; related compounds are negatively associated with human IBD severity. Finally, leveraging the sensitivity of Cgr2 to dietary arginine, we prevented E. lenta-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. Together, these results support a role for human gut bacterial metabolism in driving Th17-dependent autoimmunity., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests P.J.T. is on the scientific advisory board for Kaleido, Pendulum, and SNIPRbiome. K.S.P. is on the scientific advisory board of Phylagen. S.V.L. is a co-founder, board member, and consultant for Siolta Therapeutics Inc. This work was partially supported by a MedImmune research grant., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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