1. Genetic Screens Identify Host Factors for SARS-CoV-2 and Common Cold Coronaviruses
- Author
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Wang, Ruofan, Simoneau, Camille R, Kulsuptrakul, Jessie, Bouhaddou, Mehdi, Travisano, Katherine A, Hayashi, Jennifer M, Carlson-Stevermer, Jared, Zengel, James R, Richards, Christopher M, Fozouni, Parinaz, Oki, Jennifer, Rodriguez, Lauren, Joehnk, Bastian, Walcott, Keith, Holden, Kevin, Sil, Anita, Carette, Jan E, Krogan, Nevan J, Ott, Melanie, and Puschnik, Andreas S
- Subjects
Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Pneumonia & Influenza ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Pneumonia ,Infectious Diseases ,Prevention ,Vaccine Related ,Biodefense ,Lung ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,A549 Cells ,Animals ,Biosynthetic Pathways ,COVID-19 ,Cell Line ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,Cholesterol ,Cluster Analysis ,Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ,Common Cold ,Coronavirus ,Coronavirus Infections ,Gene Knockout Techniques ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Humans ,Mice ,Phosphatidylinositols ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Vero Cells ,Virus Internalization ,Virus Replication ,229E ,CRISPR ,OC43 ,coronavirus ,genetic screen ,host factors ,host-targeted antivirals ,virus-host interactions ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Developmental Biology ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Abstract
The Coronaviridae are a family of viruses that cause disease in humans ranging from mild respiratory infection to potentially lethal acute respiratory distress syndrome. Finding host factors common to multiple coronaviruses could facilitate the development of therapies to combat current and future coronavirus pandemics. Here, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR screens in cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 as well as two seasonally circulating common cold coronaviruses, OC43 and 229E. This approach correctly identified the distinct viral entry factors ACE2 (for SARS-CoV-2), aminopeptidase N (for 229E), and glycosaminoglycans (for OC43). Additionally, we identified phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthesis and cholesterol homeostasis as critical host pathways supporting infection by all three coronaviruses. By contrast, the lysosomal protein TMEM106B appeared unique to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol kinases and cholesterol homeostasis reduced replication of all three coronaviruses. These findings offer important insights for the understanding of the coronavirus life cycle and the development of host-directed therapies.
- Published
- 2021