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Many hillslopes in the limestone dominated Taurus Mountain Range (SWTurkey) are characterized by severely depleted soils, while a significant amount of sediment is being stored in the valley bottoms. The same holds true for the 11.4 km2 endorheic Gravgaz basin in the vicinity of the Hellenistic-Roman city of Sagalassos inSWTurkey. Previous palaeo-environmental research in this basin already yielded both detailed sedimentological and palynological information on sedimentation in the valley bottom and vegetation changes that took place during the last severalmillennia. An adaptedWATEM/SEDEMgeomorphicmodel versionwas used to simulate the impact of the observed changes in vegetation cover, climate and hillslope soil properties on hillslope soil erosion and valley bottomsediment deposition over the last 4000 years. The calibratedWATEM/SEDEMmodel is able to reconstruct the temporal changes of sedimentation in the valley bottom reasonably well. To simulate the impact of historic soil erosion on crop productivity a simple crop yield model was coupled to the reconstructed soil thickness maps. The main outcomes are that soil erosion wasmainly driven by deforestation and hence anthropogenic activity, but the resulting soil erosion did not cause a complete collapse of crop yields. On the contrary,wewere able to quantify that the sediment accumulation in the lower lying valley bottoms compensated at least a part of the loss in crop yield fromthe hillslopes: potential crop yield value changed from2.80 t ha−1 a−1 before widespread deforestation to 2.58 t ha−1 a−1 during Roman-Imperial times and 2.19 t ha−1 a−1 at present. These model approaches are tools that allow us to quantify human impact in the past, going beyond traditional qualitative descriptions, which will ultimately lead to a better understanding of human-environment interactions in the past. publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Human induced soil erosion and the implications on crop yield in a small mountainous Mediterranean catchment (SW-Turkey) journaltitle: CATENA articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.08.023 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ispartof: Catena vol:149 pages:491-504 status: published