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• Elaborate Sr-Nd isotopic composition of the Northeast Sandy Land were constructed. • Nd isotopic composition exhibits significant dependency on time effect. • Nd isotopic composition shows clear grain size-dependent variability. • Sr-Nd isotopic values show enrichment in the coarse-grain fraction. The Sr-Nd isotopic study of the Northeast Sandy Land (NESL), China is of great significance for a thorough understanding of the dust system in this area. The 162 bulk (<63 μm) and 86 size-fractioned samples of surface eolian sands and river sands in the NESL are very suitable to be added to the elaborate Sr-Nd isotopic composition dataset. The results are as follows. The Nenjiang River drainage system (NR) in the Songnen Sandy Land (SNSL) and the Hulun Buir Sandy Land (HLSL) are characterized by more radiogenic Nd values relative to the other areas within the NESL whereas the Onqin Daga Sandy Land (ODSL), the Horqin Sandy Land (HQSL) and the Songhua River drainage system (SR) exhibit a clear overlap of Sr-Nd isotopic composition. Nd isotopic composition (especially in the ODSL) exhibits significant dependency on time effect, indicating instability of geochemical composition in the dust source areas. Sr isotopic composition is slightly affected by grain size with very small variations of size-separated 87Sr/86Sr values, yet Nd isotopic composition exhibits clear grain size-dependent variability. The substantial proportion of Sr-Nd isotopic values show enrichment in the coarse-grained fraction, which is accounted for by source-rock control. Both the HLSL and the NR to the northwest of Harbin play very little role in contribution to eolian dust deposits in the Northeast Plain, either in the geological past or now, whereas Sr-Nd geochemical composition alone is insufficient to unequivocally distinguish exact provenance of the eolian dust deposits in this region. The integrated consideration, as expected, revealed the derivation of the eolian dust deposits. The eolian loess and the modern dust-storm deposits in Harbin share significantly different source areas: Harbin loess is the product of spring dust-storm weather and has a mixed source with the SR being the main dust contributor, whereas 2011 Harbin dust-storm deposits were derived from the ODSL and beyond which also provided minor amounts of fine dust particles to Harbin loess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]