1. Catalytic hydrotreatment of fast pyrolysis liquids in batch and continuous set-ups using a bimetallic Ni–Cu catalyst with a high metal content
- Author
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Vadim A. Yakovlev, Wang Yin, Hero J. Heeres, Arjan Kloekhorst, M. V. Bykova, S. A. Khromova, Robertus Hendrikus Venderbosch, and Chemical Technology
- Subjects
FORMIC-ACID ,2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY ,OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS ,Formic acid ,Inorganic chemistry ,Fraction (chemistry) ,BIO-OIL ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,D-GLUCOSE ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON ,Bimetallic strip ,PD/C CATALYST ,ACETIC-ACID ,010405 organic chemistry ,MIXED OXIDES ,Atmospheric temperature range ,0104 chemical sciences ,ADVANCED BIOFUELS ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Polymerization ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
In this paper, an experimental study on the hydrotreatment of fast pyrolysis liquids is reported in both batch and continuous set-ups using a novel bimetallic Ni–Cu based catalyst with high Ni loading (up to 50%) prepared by a sol–gel method. The experiments were carried out in a wide temperature range (80–410 °C) and at a hydrogen pressure between 100–200 bar to determine product properties and catalyst performance as a function of process conditions. To gain insight into the molecular transformations, the product oils were analysed by GC × GC, 1H-NMR and GPC and reveal that the sugar fraction is reactive in the low temperature range ( 300 °C). In addition, the organic acids are very persistent and reactivity was only observed above 350 °C. The results are rationalized using a reaction network involving competitive hydrogenation of reactive aldehydes and ketones of the sugar fraction of fast pyrolysis liquids and thermal polymerisation. In addition, relevant macro-properties of the product oils including flash point (30 to 80 °C), viscosity (0.06 to 0.93 Pa s) and TG residue (
- Published
- 2016
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