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Introduction: This in situ study investigated the protective effect of a solution containing statherin-derived peptide (StatpSpS) against enamel intrinsic erosion (ERO)., Methods: Fifteen volunteers wore appliances containing 2 bovine specimens. The samples were subjected to ERO with HCl, mimicking dental ERO by intrinsic acid. The volunteers participated in 3 phases (double-blind and crossover): (1) deionized water (negative control); (2) commercial solution containing SnCl2/NaF/AmF (800 ppm Sn+2, 500 ppm F-, pH 4.5) (positive control); (3) solution containing 1.88 × 10-5m StatpSpS. Four times a day, the volunteers administered one drop of the solutions (50 μL, 1 min) on each specimen. After the treatment, erosive challenges were performed extraorally with 0.01 m HCl (pH 2.0, 4 times/day, 1 min, 150 mL). Enamel wear was assessed by profilometry. Data were analyzed by one-way RM-ANOVA/Bonferroni's tests (p < 0.05)., Results: In terms of the treatments, both the commercial solution (SnCl2/NaF/AmF) and StatpSpS significantly reduced the wear when compared to the negative control (p < 0.01), without significant differences between them (p > 0.05)., Conclusion: The solution containing StatpSpS demonstrated protection against enamel intrinsic erosive wear. This study marks a significant advancement in the prevention of intrinsic erosive wear, utilizing StatpSpS in acquired pellicle engineering procedures., (© 2024 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Introduction: This study investigated the changes in the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) proteome when this integument is formed in vivo after treatment with sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5), hemoglobin (HB), and a statherin-derived peptide (StN15), or their combination and then exposed to an intrinsic acid challenge. The effectiveness of these treatments in preventing intrinsic erosion was also evaluated., Methods: Ten volunteers, after prophylaxis, in 5 crossover phases, rinsed with the following solutions (10 mL, 1 min): control (deionized water-H2O) - group 1, 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 - group 2, 1.0 mg/mL HB - group 3, 1.88 × 10-5M StN15 - group 4, or a blend of these - group 5. Following this, AEP formation occurred (2 h) and an enamel biopsy (10 µL, 0.01 m HCl, pH 2.0, 10 s) was conducted on one incisor. The biopsy acid was then analyzed for calcium (Arsenazo method). The vestibular surfaces of the other teeth were treated with the same acid. Acid-resistant proteins in the residual AEP were then collected and analyzed quantitatively via proteomics., Results: Compared to control, treatment with the proteins/peptide, mixed or isolated, markedly enhanced acid-resistant proteins in the AEP. Notable increases occurred in pyruvate kinase PKM (11-fold, CaneCPI-5), immunoglobulins and submaxillary gland androgen-regulated protein 3B (4-fold, StN15), Hb, and lysozyme C (2-fold, StN15). Additionally, a range of proteins not commonly identified in the AEP but known to bind calcium or other proteins were identified in groups treated with the tested proteins/peptide either in isolation or as a mixture. The mean (SD, mM) calcium concentrations released from enamel were 3.67 ± 1.48a, 3.11 ± 0.72a, 1.94 ± 0.57b, 2.37 ± 0.90a, and 2.38 ± 0.45a for groups 1-5, respectively (RM-ANOVA/Tukey, p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that all treatments, whether using a combination of proteins/peptides or in isolation, enhanced acid-resistant proteins in the AEP. However, only HB showed effectiveness in protecting against intrinsic erosive demineralization. These results pave the way for innovative preventive methods against intrinsic erosion, using "acquired pellicle engineering" techniques., (© 2024 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

The effect of solutions containing a statherin-derived peptide (Stn15pSpS) on the protection against enamel erosion in vitro was evaluated. Bovine enamel specimens were divided into 4 groups (n = 15/group): (1) deionized water (negative control), (2) Elmex Erosion Protection™ (positive control), (3) 1.88 × 10-5 M Stn15pSpS, and (4) 3.76 × 10-5 M Stn15pSpS. The solutions were applied on the specimens for 1 min. Stimulated saliva was collected from 3 donors and used to form a 2-h acquired pellicle on the specimens. Then, the specimens were submitted to an erosive pH-cycling protocol 4 times/day, for 7 days (0.01 M HCl pH 2.0/45 s, artificial saliva/2 h, and artificial saliva overnight). The solutions were applied again during pH-cycling, 2 times/day for 1 min after the first and last erosive challenges. Enamel loss (μm) was assessed by contact profilometry. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test (p < 0.05). The best protection against erosion was conferred by Elmex Erosion Protection that significantly differed from all the other treatments, followed by the solutions containing Stn15pSpS, regardless of the concentration. However, 3.76 × 10-5 M Stn15pSpS did not differ from the negative control. The solution containing the lower concentration of Stn15pSpS protected against erosion in vitro, which should be confirmed using protocols that more closely resemble the clinical condition., (© 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Changes in the proteomic profile of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) formed for 3 min or 2 h after rinsing with a peptide containing the 15 N-terminal residues of statherin, with serines 2 and 3 phosphorylated (StatpSpS), were evaluated. Nine volunteers participated in 2 consecutive days. Each day, after professional tooth cleaning, they rinsed for 1 min with 10 mL of phosphate buffer containing 1.88 × 10-5 M StatpSpS or phosphate buffer only (control). The acquired pellicle formed on enamel after 3 min or 2 h was collected with electrode filter papers soaked in 3% citric acid. After protein extraction, samples were analyzed by quantitative shotgun label-free proteomics. In the 3-min AEP, 19 and 131 proteins were uniquely identified in the StatpSpS and control groups, respectively. Proteins typically found in the AEP were only found in the latter. Only 2 proteins (neutrophil defensins) were increased upon treatment with StatpSpS, while 65 proteins (among which are several typical AEP proteins) were decreased. In the 2-h AEP, 50 and 108 proteins were uniquely found in StatpSpS and control groups, respectively. Hemoglobin subunits and isoforms of keratin were only found in the StatpSpS group, while cystatin-C, cathepsin D, and cathepsin G, isoforms of heat shock 70 and protocadherin were exclusively found in the control group. In addition, 23 proteins were increased upon treatment with StatpSpS, among which are histatin-1, serum albumin, and isoforms of neutrophil defensin and keratin, while 77 were decreased, most of them were typical AEP proteins. In both evaluated periods, rinsing with StatpSpS profoundly changed the proteomic profile of the AEP, which might impact the protective role of this integument against carious or erosive demineralization. This study provides important insights on the dynamics of the protein composition of the AEP along time, after rinsing with a solution containing StatpSpS., (© 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel.)