Search

AbstractDeadwood, a vital component of forest ecosystems, constitutes a quintessential carbon reservoir that must be disclosed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. This reservoir, comprising fallen logs, snags, and stumps, markedly affects carbon dynamics over decades. In this study, deadwood carbon stocks were quantified using data from 2674 sites in Japan surveyed between 2011 and 2015 via the National Forest Soil Carbon Inventory, and the deadwood carbon attributes in the country were explored. Deadwood were surveyed using the line intersect method for fallen logs and the belt transect method for stumps and snags. In Japan, the deadwood carbon stock (measured in t-C/ha) was quantified at 7.5 ± 9.74 (mean ± SD), with fallen logs at 3.26 ± 4.43, stumps at 2.45 ± 5.69, and snags at 1.80 ± 5.27, with significant differences detected among these stocks (p

Due to higher atmospheric greenhouse gasses concentrations, global warming is undoubtedly the most critical environmental issue that needs an immediate solution. Agroforestry has attained worldwide recognition to cope with this global problem due to its greater potential to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide along with other ecosystem services, including food security. However, quantitative information about the biomass and carbon sequestration in poplar-maize agroforestry systems is not available in semi-arid climatic zones in Pakistan. The current study was carried out to evaluate the vegetation biomass and carbon stocks under three poplar-maize agroforestry planting patterns under semi-arid climatic conditions in a subdivision Jaranwala, District Faisalabad, Pakistan. The data was collected in three agroforestry patterns like; A (192 trees ha−1), B (255 trees ha−1), and C (296 trees ha−1). Allometric equations were used to estimate the biomass and carbon stock in plant species. Results showed that the poplar tree carbon stock among three planting patterns was significantly different, with maximum carbon stock of 35.62 t ha−1 in pattern C, and it was 8% and 33.5% greater than the carbon stock of pattern B and pattern A, respectively. The maximum aboveground biomass assimilated by maize crop was (11.95 t ha−1) in pattern B, and it was 10.3% and 3.6% greater than pattern A and pattern C, respectively. The grain yield was highest in pattern A as compared to the other two patterns. Additionally, the maximum soil carbon stock in soil was estimated (22.72 t ha-1) in pattern C, at 0-15 cm depth, while it was 13.42% and 6.61% greater than pattern A and pattern B, respectively. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggested that pattern C with maximum biomass production and carbon stocks is the optimum poplar maize planting pattern in requisites of both financial and environmental benefits in the form of carbon sequestration.

The purpose of this research is to determine the amount and value of carbon stock in Southwestern Ethiopia's coffee forest from 1978 to 2050, as well as carbon sequestration from 1988 to 2050. Different time-series satellite data were acquired and classified into land-use categories using ArcGIS and ENVI 5:0, followed by IDRISI forecasts up to 2050, and finally modeling with INVEST. Data were collected within the plot constructed in a systematic random sampling manner using quadrates 20 m X 20 m. The social cost of carbon (US$12/tCO2e) used to estimate the monetary worth of the services. Forest conversion anticipated to reduce the carbon stock by 1.86 Mt by the end of 2050, from 65.8 Mt in 1978 to 7.01 Mt in 2018. The rate of Carbon sequestration was 2.1Mt/year at the end of 1998, and it will be reduced to 1.49Mt/year by the end of 2050. Overall, 121.1Mt of CO2 is sequestered over 63 years, but there was also emission from deforestation and service loss (84.4Mt), resulting a net sequestered CO2 of 36.6Mt by the end of 2050. The total elemental carbon stock value in 1978 was $2. 896 billion, this will be reached $2.5billion ($9.175 billion CO2e) at the end of 2050. The value of sequestration will be estimated at $1.715 billion, but with a value loss of $1.153 billion, the net sink value from 1988 to 2050 will be $0.6 billion. In general, these findings show that the forest region will have a total storage and sequestration value (CO2e) of $9.775 billion by the end of 2050. The carbon worth in this forest area is thus a good indicator of the importance, and thus the value estimate here may well persuade policymakers to revise their forest-related policy and provide site-specific information to preserve this remnant forest.

The land-use sector needs special importance owing to its ability to store and emit carbon back to the atmosphere. Land-use changes and their correlations could elucidate conditions that put forests at risk of conversion to other land uses. The impact of rapid forest cover change tends to reduce the percentage of forest cover, thereby reducing the potential for carbon storage in woody biomass. The study was conducted in the state of Arunachal Pradesh to estimate the above-ground biomass, carbon pool and sequestration potential of major land-use sectors. The above-ground biomass of selected land-uses viz. dense forest, moderately dense forest, open forest, plantations, Jhum >5 years, Jhum

The present study was conducted to compare the carbon sequestration potential, carbon emission, and cost benefit ratio of wheat varieties under open farming and poplar based agroforestry system. Field experiment was carried out at Agroforestry Research Center, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. The experimental plots were laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with two associate farming systems, open farming and poplar based agroforestry system, and four varieties of wheat, PBW-373, PBW-343, UP-262 and VL-907, with three replications. Above ground, below ground and total biomass, carbon stock, carbon sequestration, carbon credit, and carbon price all were significantly higher in wheat under poplar based agroforestry system (22.949, 2.753, 25.702, 11.460, 42.049 tonnes/ha, 40.049 and $744.270/ha) while net emission was significantly lower (−40.998 tonnes/ha) in two years, as compared to open farming (−37.263 tonnes/ha). Net return and Benefit Cost (B:C) ratio ($876.29/ha and 1.83) was also higher in agroforestry system than open farming system ($700.91/ha and 1.82). Among wheat varieties VL-907 recorded maximum net return and B:C ratio ($914.52/ha and 2.12) followed by PBW-343.

Though soils sequester large amounts of carbon (C), variations in physical and chemical characteristics of top and deep layers necessitate the study of factors governing topsoil and deep soil C sequestration to predict land-use changes to alleviate climate change. Land-use systems involving pasture, trees, trees pasture and fallow were considered. The upper soil (0–15 cm) had ∼12, 34 and 59% higher microbial biomass C than the 15–30, 30–45 and 45–60 cm layers, respectively. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and dehydrogenase activities had similar trends. Across the land uses, topsoil layers had ∼17% lower silt + clay (s + c) content than deep layers. Amorphous iron content significantly increased with soil depth. In the top two soil layers, s + c accounted for ∼19–30% of total soil organic carbon (SOC); in the next two layers s + c could store >30% of total SOC. Stepwise regression analysis revealed FDA to be the most significant biological driver for SOC sequestration. Structural equation modeling showed that biological factors controlled C sequestration in topsoil layers, while s + c and amorphous iron were the major factors of C sequestration in deep layers. Current land uses are largely deficient of SOC and have the potential to store an additional22 Mg CO2e per ha.

The CO2 stocks in roadside trees in Bilaspur, India, were estimated using a systematic sampling method on 30 sample plots. The sampling plots covered a total area of 3 ha. The region housed 438 trees of 37 species and 17 families, with an accumulated biomass of 101.44 t, 48.18 t of carbon and 176.64 t of CO2. Delonix regia had the largest amounts of species-specific biomass and CO2 stocks, followed by Tamarindus indica, Ficus religiosa, Albizia lebbeck and Ficus benghalensis. Azadirachta indica, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Samanea saman and Senna siamea had the highest numbers and relative abundances in roadside plantations. The 10 tree species that sequestered more than 80% of Bilaspur’s CO2 were, in order of highest to lowest sequestration, Delonix regia, Samanea saman, Tamarindus indica, Azadirachta indica, Ficus religiosa, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia catappa, Ficus benghalensis and Terminalia arjuna. These tree species are therefore recommended for roadside plantations to sequester large amounts of CO2 from the city and contribute to offsetting warming and mitigating the impact of climate change.

Due to higher atmospheric greenhouse gasses concentrations, global warming is undoubtedly the most critical environmental issue that needs an immediate solution. Agroforestry has attained worldwide recognition to cope with this global problem due to its greater potential to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide along with other ecosystem services, including food security. However, quantitative information about the biomass and carbon sequestration in poplar-maize agroforestry systems is not available in semi-arid climatic zones in Pakistan. The current study was carried out to evaluate the vegetation biomass and carbon stocks under three poplar-maize agroforestry planting patterns under semi-arid climatic conditions in a subdivision Jaranwala, District Faisalabad, Pakistan. The data was collected in three agroforestry patterns like; A (192 trees ha−1), B (255 trees ha−1), and C (296 trees ha−1). Allometric equations were used to estimate the biomass and carbon stock in plant species. Results showed that the poplar tree carbon stock among three planting patterns was significantly different, with maximum carbon stock of 35.62 t ha−1 in pattern C, and it was 8% and 33.5% greater than the carbon stock of pattern B and pattern A, respectively. The maximum aboveground biomass assimilated by maize crop was (11.95 t ha−1) in pattern B, and it was 10.3% and 3.6% greater than pattern A and pattern C, respectively. The grain yield was highest in pattern A as compared to the other two patterns. Additionally, the maximum soil carbon stock in soil was estimated (22.72 t ha-1) in pattern C, at 0-15 cm depth, while it was 13.42% and 6.61% greater than pattern A and pattern B, respectively. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggested that pattern C with maximum biomass production and carbon stocks is the optimum poplar maize planting pattern in requisites of both financial and environmental benefits in the form of carbon sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to determine the amount and value of carbon stock in Southwestern Ethiopia's coffee forest from 1978 to 2050, as well as carbon sequestration from 1988 to 2050. Different time-series satellite data were acquired and classified into land-use categories using ArcGIS and ENVI 5:0, followed by IDRISI forecasts up to 2050, and finally modeling with INVEST. Data were collected within the plot constructed in a systematic random sampling manner using quadrates 20 m X 20 m. The social cost of carbon (US$12/tCO2e) used to estimate the monetary worth of the services. Forest conversion anticipated to reduce the carbon stock by 1.86 Mt by the end of 2050, from 65.8 Mt in 1978 to 7.01 Mt in 2018. The rate of Carbon sequestration was 2.1Mt/year at the end of 1998, and it will be reduced to 1.49Mt/year by the end of 2050. Overall, 121.1Mt of CO2 is sequestered over 63 years, but there was also emission from deforestation and service loss (84.4Mt), resulting a net sequestered CO2 of 36.6Mt by the end of 2050. The total elemental carbon stock value in 1978 was $2. 896 billion, this will be reached $2.5billion ($9.175 billion CO2e) at the end of 2050. The value of sequestration will be estimated at $1.715 billion, but with a value loss of $1.153 billion, the net sink value from 1988 to 2050 will be $0.6 billion. In general, these findings show that the forest region will have a total storage and sequestration value (CO2e) of $9.775 billion by the end of 2050. The carbon worth in this forest area is thus a good indicator of the importance, and thus the value estimate here may well persuade policymakers to revise their forest-related policy and provide site-specific information to preserve this remnant forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The land-use sector needs special importance owing to its ability to store and emit carbon back to the atmosphere. Land-use changes and their correlations could elucidate conditions that put forests at risk of conversion to other land uses. The impact of rapid forest cover change tends to reduce the percentage of forest cover, thereby reducing the potential for carbon storage in woody biomass. The study was conducted in the state of Arunachal Pradesh to estimate the above-ground biomass, carbon pool and sequestration potential of major land-use sectors. The above-ground biomass of selected land-uses viz. dense forest, moderately dense forest, open forest, plantations, Jhum >5 years, Jhum <5 years and current jhum are 332.28 t ha−1, 246.63 t ha−1, 145.36 t ha−1, 179.31 t ha−1, 149.63 t ha−1, 55.40 t ha−1, 16.84 t ha−1 respectively. The developed model is derived from Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI) for prediction of above-ground biomass (AGB) (R2 = 0.85, p < 0.05). The resultant R2 value of 85% predicts that 79% of accuracy could be assumed by the model. The RMSE of the model was 53.21 t ha−1, having no multicollinearity problem keeping tolerance (0.49) and VIF (2.80). The spatial AGB density map was predicted using a step-wise linear regression model which used AGB, SAVI and ARVI of the corresponding sample plot location. The implication of the land-use change revealed that about 84% carbon will be lost from dense forest once it is converted to Jhum (Jhum is the alternate name of Shifting cultivation in India) followed by Jhum <5 years (65%). It is pertinent to mention here that, the present analysis will help the policymakers in visualizing a proper developmental goal to regulate land-use changes for achieving the higher carbon stock and maintaining balance in the global climate scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to compare the carbon sequestration potential, carbon emission, and cost benefit ratio of wheat varieties under open farming and poplar based agroforestry system. Field experiment was carried out at Agroforestry Research Center, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. The experimental plots were laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with two associate farming systems, open farming and poplar based agroforestry system, and four varieties of wheat, PBW-373, PBW-343, UP-262 and VL-907, with three replications. Above ground, below ground and total biomass, carbon stock, carbon sequestration, carbon credit, and carbon price all were significantly higher in wheat under poplar based agroforestry system (22.949, 2.753, 25.702, 11.460, 42.049 tonnes/ha, 40.049 and $744.270/ha) while net emission was significantly lower (−40.998 tonnes/ha) in two years, as compared to open farming (−37.263 tonnes/ha). Net return and Benefit Cost (B:C) ratio ($876.29/ha and 1.83) was also higher in agroforestry system than open farming system ($700.91/ha and 1.82). Among wheat varieties VL-907 recorded maximum net return and B:C ratio ($914.52/ha and 2.12) followed by PBW-343. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though soils sequester large amounts of carbon (C), variations in physical and chemical characteristics of top and deep layers necessitate the study of factors governing topsoil and deep soil C sequestration to predict land-use changes to alleviate climate change. Land-use systems involving pasture, trees, trees pasture and fallow were considered. The upper soil (0–15 cm) had ∼12, 34 and 59% higher microbial biomass C than the 15–30, 30–45 and 45–60 cm layers, respectively. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and dehydrogenase activities had similar trends. Across the land uses, topsoil layers had ∼17% lower silt + clay (s + c) content than deep layers. Amorphous iron content significantly increased with soil depth. In the top two soil layers, s + c accounted for ∼19–30% of total soil organic carbon (SOC); in the next two layers s + c could store >30% of total SOC. Stepwise regression analysis revealed FDA to be the most significant biological driver for SOC sequestration. Structural equation modeling showed that biological factors controlled C sequestration in topsoil layers, while s + c and amorphous iron were the major factors of C sequestration in deep layers. Current land uses are largely deficient of SOC and have the potential to store an additional22 Mg CO2e per ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CO2 stocks in roadside trees in Bilaspur, India, were estimated using a systematic sampling method on 30 sample plots. The sampling plots covered a total area of 3 ha. The region housed 438 trees of 37 species and 17 families, with an accumulated biomass of 101.44 t, 48.18 t of carbon and 176.64 t of CO2. Delonix regia had the largest amounts of species-specific biomass and CO2 stocks, followed by Tamarindus indica, Ficus religiosa, Albizia lebbeck and Ficus benghalensis. Azadirachta indica, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Samanea saman and Senna siamea had the highest numbers and relative abundances in roadside plantations. The 10 tree species that sequestered more than 80% of Bilaspur's CO2 were, in order of highest to lowest sequestration, Delonix regia, Samanea saman, Tamarindus indica, Azadirachta indica, Ficus religiosa, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia catappa, Ficus benghalensis and Terminalia arjuna. These tree species are therefore recommended for roadside plantations to sequester large amounts of CO2 from the city and contribute to offsetting warming and mitigating the impact of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]