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Designing one-dimensional (1D) magnetic-carbon composites microwave absorbers is a promising strategy that can meet the current demand for high-performance microwave absorption (MA) materials. In this work, hierarchical structured Fe 3 O 4 /Fe@C@MoS 2 nanofibers were successfully obtained via a simple three-step method. 1D Fe 3 O 4 /Fe@C nanofibers were fabricated through electrospinning technology and in-situ polymerization followed by carbonization and reduction in H 2 /N 2 atmosphere. MoS 2 nanosheets grew irregularly on the surface of 1D Fe 3 O 4 /Fe@C nanofibers to form the flower-like structure. The morphology, composition and magnetism of samples were systematically investigated. Furthermore, electromagnetic characteristics and MA properties of Fe 3 O 4 /Fe@C nanofibers and Fe 3 O 4 /Fe@C@MoS 2 nanofibers were compared. The minimum reflection loss (RL min) of Fe 3 O 4 /Fe@C@MoS 2 nanofibers could reach −53.79 dB at 11.12 GHz and the corresponding absorption bandwidth (RL < -10 dB) of 4.4 GHz was achieved at the absorber thickness of 2.24 mm. This work combines electrospinning technology with traditional chemical synthesis to prepare a novel 1D core-shell microwave absorber, which provides some inspiration for preparing MA material in the future. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]