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Simple Summary: Venetoclax combined with azacitidine (VenAza) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) presents a high incidence of cytopenias and infections during initial treatment cycles, making early management challenging. To address this, our center implemented an At-Home (AH) program during the VenAza induction phase, focusing on therapy administration, patient and caregiver education, and adverse events (AEs) management. From March 2019 to May 2022, 75 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AML were treated with VenAza, with the experiment comparing outcomes between a hospital-based (inpatient) cohort of 24 patients initially admitted for treatment administration and an AH cohort (n = 44). Although most patients experienced grade 3–4 cytopenia (96.9%), the incidence of serious infections and other AEs was similar between groups. The AH cohort had a significantly lower hospital readmission rate after ramp-up (29.5% vs. 84.6%, p = 0.0001) and shorter hospital stays (8 vs. 13 days, p = 0.28). AH management proved to be safe and effective, optimizing resource use and improving patient and caregiver well-being. Background: Even though venetoclax in combination with azacitidine (VenAza) is considered a low-intensity regimen, its patients present a high incidence of cytopenia and infections during the first courses, making the initial management a challenging phase. Methods: This difficulty in our center led to the establishment of an At-Home (AH) program for ramp-up and follow-up patients during the VenAza combination induction phase focused on therapy administration, patient and caregiver education, and management of adverse events (AEs). A total of 70 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (ND-AML) or relapsed/refractory AML (R/R AML) were treated with VenAza from March 2019 to May 2022. We compared outcomes between patients managed with a hospital-based (inpatient) approach and those managed through the AH program. Results: Despite most patients experiencing grade 3–4 cytopenias (96.9%), the incidence of serious infections and other AEs was comparable between both groups, with no significant difference in febrile neutropenia (42.3% vs. 27.8%, p = 0.38). Overall, the AH cohort demonstrated a significantly lower hospital readmission rate after ramp-up (29.5% vs. 84.6%, p = 0.001). Moreover, the inpatient cohort's admission days were longer than in the AH cohort (13 vs. 8, p = 0.28). Conclusions: AH management was feasible and safe, leading to better resource use, enhanced patient comfort, and improved treatment compliance. The potential of AH programs for managing low-intensity chemotherapy regimens can reduce hospital admissions and subsequently improve patient and caregiver well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a poor prognosis. Mutations in the FLT3 gene provide a target for therapeutic intervention. Two FLT3 inhibitors, gilteritinib and quizartinib, when used as single agents, have demonstrated efficacy in this context. The aim of our retrospective study was to compare the outcomes of 50 patients diagnosed with FLT3-mutated AML treated with gilteritinib or quizartinib monotherapy, with results from phase 3 clinical trials and with other real-world studies. Despite differences among the cohorts, our findings confirm that gilteritinib and quizartinib monotherapy represent effective and tolerable treatment options for patients with relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated AML in real-world settings, with response and toxicity rates consistent with those reported in prior studies. Background/Objectives: Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML with FLT3 mutation (FLT3mut) have a dismal prognosis. FLT3mut offers a target for therapy in these patients. Gilteritinib (gilter) and quizartinib (quizar) have demonstrated efficacy as single agents in two phase 3 clinical trials. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of 50 patients with R/R FLT3mut AML who received gilter or quizar as monotherapy in 27 Spanish centers before their commercial availability. Forty-four patients were treated with gilter and six with quizar. Results: The median age was 62.5 years, and 52% were women. Most patients presented with FLT3-ITD mutations (80%); 46% had refractory disease and 54% had relapsed disease at treatment initiation. First-line treatment was chemotherapy in 80% of patients, with 40% of these also receiving midostaurin. Twenty-five patients (50%) had previously received FLT3 inhibitor, and twenty-eight (56%) had received more than one line treatment before starting gilter/quizar. The rates of complete remission (CR), CR without hematological recovery (CRi), and partial remission were 22%, 18%, and 16%, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were 4.74 months and 2.99 months, respectively. We observed a significant improvement in OS in patients who had received only one prior line of therapy compared to those who had received two or more therapies (10.77 months vs. 4.24 months, p = 0.016). Multivariate analysis identified failure to achieve CR/CRi, receiving more than one prior line of therapy, age, and white blood cells count as independent prognostic factors for OS. The most common toxicities were febrile neutropenia, liver function abnormalities, and QT interval prolongation. Conclusions: Gilter/quizar monotherapy are effective and tolerable options for patients with R/R FLT3mut AML in a real-world setting. Response and toxicity rates are similar to those reported in the phase 3 trials, despite the more heterogeneous nature of the study population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]